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<p>Selective laser melting was used to tailor the microstructure of 17-4PH stainless steel through scan-path superposition within a single build. Three strategies were evaluated: single-band scanning (SBS), stripe–checkerboard scanning (SCS), and alternating checkerboard–stripe scan (ACS). SCS achieved a tensile strength of 1190&#xa0;MPa and improved elongation from 16.22% (SBS) to 27.66%. ACS also reached 1190&#xa0;MPa but showed a lower elongation of 19.55%. The property changes arose from controlled thermal histories that adjusted retained austenite fractions and gradients. SCS produced differentiated fractions between checkerboard and stripe subregions (13.2% <i>vs</i>. 23.6%) and supported a sustained transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) response. ACS established a through-thickness gradient (36.1% → 34.5% → 29.1%) and activated intense TRIP but introduced mild heterogeneity. Digital image correlation showed delayed strain localization for SCS. Fractography revealed larger and deeper dimples for SCS (0.75&#xa0;µm) than ACS (0.49&#xa0;µm) and SBS (0.32&#xa0;µm). KAM/BC statistics indicated a more uniform transformation for SCS. These results demonstrate that scan-path superposition enables microstructure/phase engineering in as-built 17-4PH and breaks the conventional strength–ductility trade-off without post-heat treatment.</p>

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Effect of scan-path superposition on mechanical properties of SLM 17-4PH stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Xiao-Tong Zhang,
  • Xi-Hong He,
  • Shi-Feng Liu,
  • Yan Wang

摘要

Selective laser melting was used to tailor the microstructure of 17-4PH stainless steel through scan-path superposition within a single build. Three strategies were evaluated: single-band scanning (SBS), stripe–checkerboard scanning (SCS), and alternating checkerboard–stripe scan (ACS). SCS achieved a tensile strength of 1190 MPa and improved elongation from 16.22% (SBS) to 27.66%. ACS also reached 1190 MPa but showed a lower elongation of 19.55%. The property changes arose from controlled thermal histories that adjusted retained austenite fractions and gradients. SCS produced differentiated fractions between checkerboard and stripe subregions (13.2% vs. 23.6%) and supported a sustained transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) response. ACS established a through-thickness gradient (36.1% → 34.5% → 29.1%) and activated intense TRIP but introduced mild heterogeneity. Digital image correlation showed delayed strain localization for SCS. Fractography revealed larger and deeper dimples for SCS (0.75 µm) than ACS (0.49 µm) and SBS (0.32 µm). KAM/BC statistics indicated a more uniform transformation for SCS. These results demonstrate that scan-path superposition enables microstructure/phase engineering in as-built 17-4PH and breaks the conventional strength–ductility trade-off without post-heat treatment.