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<p>In tire-cord steel, the deformation behavior of oxide inclusions is primarily influenced by their inherent properties, and fundamentally, it is decided by their structural characteristics. The deformation of oxide inclusions during a four-pass industrial hot-rolling process was investigated using an automatic scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, the corresponding properties and structures of the oxide inclusions in the rolled rods were analyzed using FactSage software and an analytical model. During the hot-rolling process, different types of inclusions exhibited varying deformation behaviors. Specifically, CaO–MnO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>-type inclusions demonstrated the highest deformation index across multiple rolling passes. When the content of SiO<sub>2</sub> reached 70 wt.%, MnO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>- or MnO–SiO<sub>2</sub>-type inclusions exhibited non-deformability, similar to SiO<sub>2</sub>-type inclusions. These non-deformable inclusions were characterized by high liquidus temperatures (1600–2200&#xa0;°C) and high viscosities (20–35 ln(Pa s)). Interestingly, the high proportion of bridging oxygen within the oxide inclusions indicated that crystallization was not the primary factor influencing their deformation. The liquidus temperature and viscosity of oxide inclusions maintained an inversely proportional relationship with their aspect ratio. The parameter, <i>D</i><sub>ratio</sub>, was introduced to quantify the degree of depolymerization in the oxide system of tire-cord steel. The reason for the excellent deformability of low-liquidus-temperature inclusions lay in their high <i>D</i><sub>ratio</sub>, which resulted in a more flexible structure. Additionally, higher (CaO + MnO)/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio correlated with a higher <i>D</i><sub>ratio</sub> and, consequently, lower viscosity.</p>

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Deformation of oxide inclusions in tire-cord steels during hot-rolling: linking internal structure to inclusion properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Zheng-Tao Li,
  • Wen Yang,
  • Li-Feng Zhang,
  • Kai-Yu Peng,
  • Dao-Zheng Liu,
  • Gui-Nian Lan

摘要

In tire-cord steel, the deformation behavior of oxide inclusions is primarily influenced by their inherent properties, and fundamentally, it is decided by their structural characteristics. The deformation of oxide inclusions during a four-pass industrial hot-rolling process was investigated using an automatic scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, the corresponding properties and structures of the oxide inclusions in the rolled rods were analyzed using FactSage software and an analytical model. During the hot-rolling process, different types of inclusions exhibited varying deformation behaviors. Specifically, CaO–MnO–Al2O3–SiO2-type inclusions demonstrated the highest deformation index across multiple rolling passes. When the content of SiO2 reached 70 wt.%, MnO–Al2O3–SiO2- or MnO–SiO2-type inclusions exhibited non-deformability, similar to SiO2-type inclusions. These non-deformable inclusions were characterized by high liquidus temperatures (1600–2200 °C) and high viscosities (20–35 ln(Pa s)). Interestingly, the high proportion of bridging oxygen within the oxide inclusions indicated that crystallization was not the primary factor influencing their deformation. The liquidus temperature and viscosity of oxide inclusions maintained an inversely proportional relationship with their aspect ratio. The parameter, Dratio, was introduced to quantify the degree of depolymerization in the oxide system of tire-cord steel. The reason for the excellent deformability of low-liquidus-temperature inclusions lay in their high Dratio, which resulted in a more flexible structure. Additionally, higher (CaO + MnO)/SiO2 ratio correlated with a higher Dratio and, consequently, lower viscosity.