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<p>Laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) has the potential to fabricate metals with unique microstructures and excellent mechanical properties. However, its rapid solidification characteristics can generate significant residual stresses. Heat treatment is commonly used to relieve residual stresses and modify the microstructure and properties. 316L steel with a unique crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM) was successfully fabricated by adjusting process parameters: The major layer grain orientation of &lt; 001 &gt; parallel to the build direction alternates with a minor layer orientation of &lt; 101 &gt; parallel to the build direction. CLM 316L steel exhibits both high strength and high ductility. It is the first to conduct heat treatments under different conditions on CLM 316L steel to investigate the thermal stability of the microstructure and mechanical properties. Authors found that at 950&#xa0;°C, the melt pool boundaries and cellular sub-structures disappeared. When the temperature reached 1095&#xa0;°C, recrystallization occurred in the microstructure, accompanied by an increase in the width of the minor layer regions and the formation of twins. At this stage, the grain orientation became increasingly disordered, trending toward a polycrystalline structure. As the heat treatment temperature increased, both the microhardness and yield strength of CLM 316L steel decreased, but the ductility increased. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-treated CLM 316L steel was also discussed to establish the correlation between the microstructural evolution and the variations in mechanical response.</p>

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Unique crystallographic lamellar microstructure in PBF-LB 316L stainless steel: probing thermal stability and mechanical response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Xiao-Wei Wang,
  • Meng Zhan,
  • Guan-Hong Chen,
  • Xu-Qiong Yang,
  • Heng Li,
  • Tian-Yu Zhang,
  • Jin-Zhu Tan,
  • Jian-Ming Gong

摘要

Laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) has the potential to fabricate metals with unique microstructures and excellent mechanical properties. However, its rapid solidification characteristics can generate significant residual stresses. Heat treatment is commonly used to relieve residual stresses and modify the microstructure and properties. 316L steel with a unique crystallographic lamellar microstructure (CLM) was successfully fabricated by adjusting process parameters: The major layer grain orientation of < 001 > parallel to the build direction alternates with a minor layer orientation of < 101 > parallel to the build direction. CLM 316L steel exhibits both high strength and high ductility. It is the first to conduct heat treatments under different conditions on CLM 316L steel to investigate the thermal stability of the microstructure and mechanical properties. Authors found that at 950 °C, the melt pool boundaries and cellular sub-structures disappeared. When the temperature reached 1095 °C, recrystallization occurred in the microstructure, accompanied by an increase in the width of the minor layer regions and the formation of twins. At this stage, the grain orientation became increasingly disordered, trending toward a polycrystalline structure. As the heat treatment temperature increased, both the microhardness and yield strength of CLM 316L steel decreased, but the ductility increased. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-treated CLM 316L steel was also discussed to establish the correlation between the microstructural evolution and the variations in mechanical response.