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<p>As a core substrate for cold rolling, stamping, and coating processes, the surface oxide layer quality of SPHC steel directly determines the forming quality of the final product and the effectiveness of pickling. The thickness, structure, and mechanical properties of oxide layers on the surface of hot-rolled steel strips in industrial production were revealed. The microstructure of oxide layers with different morphologies was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. From a micro-mechanistic perspective, the intrinsic mechanism by which increased porosity in the oxide layer contributes to surface failure of the steel strip was revealed. The relationship between the porosity and mechanical properties of the surface oxide layer was investigated through nanoindentation experiments. The oxide layers with the thickness of 5.61 and 6.52&#xa0;μm exhibited average elastic moduli of 157.28 and 137.03 GPa, respectively. A three-layer structural model consisting of the outer oxide layer–inner oxide layer–substrate was established. Key parameters such as porosity and yield strength of the oxide layer were inversely determined using the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model. With the increase in oxide layer thickness, the porosity of the outer oxide layer rises from 0.140 to 0.145, while the density of the inner oxide layer gradually decreases, and its porosity increases from 0.155 to 0.185. Improvements in the elastic modulus and yield strength effectively enhance the stress-bearing capacity of the oxide layer, which is manifested macroscopically as an improvement in the surface quality of the steel strip.</p>

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Nanoindentation mechanical testing and simulation-based predictive modeling of porous oxide layers on high-surface-quality low-alloy pickled steel strips

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Yu-Wei Song,
  • Ning Kong,
  • Ling-Dong Hua,
  • Zheng-Zhong Wang,
  • Dian-Xin Sun,
  • Jie Zhang

摘要

As a core substrate for cold rolling, stamping, and coating processes, the surface oxide layer quality of SPHC steel directly determines the forming quality of the final product and the effectiveness of pickling. The thickness, structure, and mechanical properties of oxide layers on the surface of hot-rolled steel strips in industrial production were revealed. The microstructure of oxide layers with different morphologies was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. From a micro-mechanistic perspective, the intrinsic mechanism by which increased porosity in the oxide layer contributes to surface failure of the steel strip was revealed. The relationship between the porosity and mechanical properties of the surface oxide layer was investigated through nanoindentation experiments. The oxide layers with the thickness of 5.61 and 6.52 μm exhibited average elastic moduli of 157.28 and 137.03 GPa, respectively. A three-layer structural model consisting of the outer oxide layer–inner oxide layer–substrate was established. Key parameters such as porosity and yield strength of the oxide layer were inversely determined using the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model. With the increase in oxide layer thickness, the porosity of the outer oxide layer rises from 0.140 to 0.145, while the density of the inner oxide layer gradually decreases, and its porosity increases from 0.155 to 0.185. Improvements in the elastic modulus and yield strength effectively enhance the stress-bearing capacity of the oxide layer, which is manifested macroscopically as an improvement in the surface quality of the steel strip.