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<p>Austenitic steel is a prime candidate for structural applications in extreme environments such as nuclear fusion reactors due to its favorable cryogenic mechanical properties. A heterogeneous microstructure was developed via cold rolling followed by short-term annealing, resulting in partially recrystallized regions interspersed with non-recrystallized regions in an austenitic stainless steel. A series of tensile tests conducted at both room temperature and 77&#xa0;K, combined with digital image correlation, nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, were employed to investigate the strain partitioning and deformation mechanisms of the microstructure. The results reveal that at 77&#xa0;K, the yield strength reaches 1330&#xa0;MPa and the total elongation increases to 51.49%, surpassing the performance observed at the room temperature. The cryogenic environment reduces the stacking fault energy, thereby promoting the formation of stacking faults and deformation twins in the recrystallized regions. Concurrently, the non-recrystallized regions exhibit pronounced strain-induced martensitic transformation that enhances ductility through the transformation-induced plasticity effect. These synergistic interactions between the distinct microstructural regions underpin the remarkable strength–ductility balance of the steel under cryogenic conditions.</p>

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Cryogenic mechanical behavior and coordinated deformation mechanisms of a partially recrystallized heterostructure austenitic stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Zhou Wang,
  • Chen-Xi Liu,
  • Hong-Yan Liang,
  • Qiu-Zhi Gao,
  • Jia-Cheng Yu,
  • Chao-Fan Zhang,
  • Jing-Wen Zhang,
  • Ran Ding

摘要

Austenitic steel is a prime candidate for structural applications in extreme environments such as nuclear fusion reactors due to its favorable cryogenic mechanical properties. A heterogeneous microstructure was developed via cold rolling followed by short-term annealing, resulting in partially recrystallized regions interspersed with non-recrystallized regions in an austenitic stainless steel. A series of tensile tests conducted at both room temperature and 77 K, combined with digital image correlation, nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, were employed to investigate the strain partitioning and deformation mechanisms of the microstructure. The results reveal that at 77 K, the yield strength reaches 1330 MPa and the total elongation increases to 51.49%, surpassing the performance observed at the room temperature. The cryogenic environment reduces the stacking fault energy, thereby promoting the formation of stacking faults and deformation twins in the recrystallized regions. Concurrently, the non-recrystallized regions exhibit pronounced strain-induced martensitic transformation that enhances ductility through the transformation-induced plasticity effect. These synergistic interactions between the distinct microstructural regions underpin the remarkable strength–ductility balance of the steel under cryogenic conditions.