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<p>Through integrated experimental and first-principles approaches, the pivotal role of high-content Co in governing phase constituents and martensite is elucidated. Experimental observations reveal that the high Co content facilitates carbide dissolution and reduces the martensitic transformation temperature. First-principles calculations distinguish that the high-content Co intrinsically elevates the stacking fault energy and enhances the austenite thermodynamic stability. This together with Co-induced escalated shear moduli imposes a resistance to strain relief during martensitic transformation, kinetically promoting the burst transformation to refined martensitic microstructures enriched with high-angle twin-like V1–V2 variant boundaries. An optimal Co content of 9.7&#xa0;wt.% featuring a balanced strength, toughness and alloying cost is unveiled, and novel opportunities to rationally engineer mechanical properties of multi-phase steels are provided through current control of phase fraction, morphological refinement, and martensite variant selection.</p>

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Influence of high-content cobalt on hierarchical martensitic microstructures and mechanical properties of stainless maraging steels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Bo-Ning Zhang,
  • Xiao-Hui Wang,
  • Zhen-Bao Liu,
  • Yong-Qiang Li,
  • Huan-Huan Bai,
  • Jian-Xiong Liang,
  • Yong Mao,
  • Lei Zheng

摘要

Through integrated experimental and first-principles approaches, the pivotal role of high-content Co in governing phase constituents and martensite is elucidated. Experimental observations reveal that the high Co content facilitates carbide dissolution and reduces the martensitic transformation temperature. First-principles calculations distinguish that the high-content Co intrinsically elevates the stacking fault energy and enhances the austenite thermodynamic stability. This together with Co-induced escalated shear moduli imposes a resistance to strain relief during martensitic transformation, kinetically promoting the burst transformation to refined martensitic microstructures enriched with high-angle twin-like V1–V2 variant boundaries. An optimal Co content of 9.7 wt.% featuring a balanced strength, toughness and alloying cost is unveiled, and novel opportunities to rationally engineer mechanical properties of multi-phase steels are provided through current control of phase fraction, morphological refinement, and martensite variant selection.