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<p>Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products. In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel, its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical community. The recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces&#xa0;has been summarized, and&#xa0;both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been surveyed. In terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel, researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface, i.e., the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides, MgO-based oxides, etc. In terms of theoretical models, especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface, the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky–Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical model. Last but not least, the future work in this topic has been suggested, which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag, as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.</p>

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State-of-art of in situ observations of inclusion agglomeration at steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces: a review of recent development on experimental and theoretical studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月7日

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  • Yi Wang,
  • Jian-xun Fu,
  • Deepoo Kumar,
  • Qiang Wang,
  • Hong-liang Yang,
  • Wang-zhong Mu

摘要

Cleanliness control of advanced steels is of vital importance for quality control of the products. In order to understand and control the inclusion removal during refining process in molten steel, its motion behaviors at the multiple steel/gas/slag interfaces have attracted the attention much of metallurgical community. The recent development of the agglomeration of non-metallic inclusions at the steel/Ar and steel/slag interfaces has been summarized, and both the experimental as well as theoretical works have been surveyed. In terms of in situ observation of high-temperature interfacial phenomena in the molten steel, researchers utilized high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe the movement of more types of inclusions at the interface, i.e., the investigated inclusion is no longer limited to Al2O3-based inclusions but moves forward to rare earth oxides, MgO-based oxides, etc. In terms of theoretical models, especially the model of inclusions at the steel/slag interface, the recent development has overcome the limitations of the assumptions of Kralchevsky–Paunov model and verified the possible errors caused by the model assumptions by combining the water model and the physical model. Last but not least, the future work in this topic has been suggested, which could be in combination of thermal physical properties of steels and slag, as well as utilize the artificial intelligence-based methodology to implement a comprehensive inclusion motion behaviors during a comprehensive metallurgical process.