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<p>Pendulum wave energy converters harness wave energy via an articulated power take-off (PTO) system linking the wave-absorbing buoy to the fixed base. The geometric shape design of the buoy plays a critical role in determining the overall efficiency of wave energy capture. To further enhance the conversion efficiency of such devices under real-sea conditions, this paper introduces a rapid optimization method based on free-form deformation (FFD) and frequency-domain potential flow theory. First, the CAESES-GeniE-HydroD optimization framework is established by integrating a FFD technique with frequency-domain potential flow theory, enabling parametric modeling, geometric deformation, and hydrodynamic analysis of the buoy. Subsequently, the control points defining the buoy’s geometry are adjusted using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), with the objective of maximizing the pitch response amplitude operator (RAO). Through iterative global optimization, the optimal buoy shape is identified under the given design conditions. Finally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to evaluate the time domain motion response of the optimized buoy, incorporating PTO damping under irregular wave conditions. The capture width ratio before and after the optimization is compared to assess the relative improvement. The results demonstrate that, compared with the initial wave-absorbing buoy, optimizing the wave-facing surface alone increases the capture width ratio by 58.28%, whereas simultaneous optimization of both the wave-facing and back-wave surfaces yields a 75.27% increase. These findings offer theoretical support for enhancing the power generation efficiency of wave energy conversion devices.</p>

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Shape optimization and CFD time-domain hydrodynamic performance of a pendulum wave energy buoy through free-form deformation and potential flow theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Huan-zhe Liu,
  • Shuo Huang,
  • Yu Yao,
  • Wei-qi Liu

摘要

Pendulum wave energy converters harness wave energy via an articulated power take-off (PTO) system linking the wave-absorbing buoy to the fixed base. The geometric shape design of the buoy plays a critical role in determining the overall efficiency of wave energy capture. To further enhance the conversion efficiency of such devices under real-sea conditions, this paper introduces a rapid optimization method based on free-form deformation (FFD) and frequency-domain potential flow theory. First, the CAESES-GeniE-HydroD optimization framework is established by integrating a FFD technique with frequency-domain potential flow theory, enabling parametric modeling, geometric deformation, and hydrodynamic analysis of the buoy. Subsequently, the control points defining the buoy’s geometry are adjusted using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), with the objective of maximizing the pitch response amplitude operator (RAO). Through iterative global optimization, the optimal buoy shape is identified under the given design conditions. Finally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to evaluate the time domain motion response of the optimized buoy, incorporating PTO damping under irregular wave conditions. The capture width ratio before and after the optimization is compared to assess the relative improvement. The results demonstrate that, compared with the initial wave-absorbing buoy, optimizing the wave-facing surface alone increases the capture width ratio by 58.28%, whereas simultaneous optimization of both the wave-facing and back-wave surfaces yields a 75.27% increase. These findings offer theoretical support for enhancing the power generation efficiency of wave energy conversion devices.