From Hayagriva to Hari Nāma: the Historical Trajectory of Hajo’s Sacred Space
摘要
The concept of ‘sacred space’ is a universal feature across religious traditions, making certain locations as distinct from the mundane world due to their spiritual significance. The sacred space of Hajo in Assam is revered by Hindus, Buddhist, and Muslims and is known for its five holy sites: Hayagriva-Madhava, Kedareswar, Kameswar, Ganeswar, and Poa-Mecca. Historical texts and popular lore reflect the dynamic layers of religious significance added to Hajo over centuries, with contributions from diverse traditions and royal patronage. Initially a Buddhist site, Hajo’s sacred geography was transformed by Hinduism, particularly through the appropriation of Buddhist deities like Hayagriva into the Vaiṣṇavite fold, as seen in texts like the Kālikāpurāṇa. The rise of Neo- Vaiṣṇavism in medieval Assam further influenced Hajo’s religious landscape, with significant figures like Guru Madhavdeva contributing to its prominence. Political powers from Koch to Ahom rulers, also played a crucial role in maintaining and renovating these sacred spaces, ensuring their continued reverence. This paper explores how Hajo as a sacred space evolved through mythological narratives, religious transformations, and political influences, maintaining their sanctity across time.