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<p>Osteomyelitis caused by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) is a severe inflammatory bone disease that is difficult to eradicate and can be life-threatening. Traditional treatments relying on high-dose systemic antibiotics often fail due to biofilm resistance and emerging drug-resistant strains. This study proposes a diflunisal-loaded 3D-printed scaffold as a novel therapeutic strategy. A composite biomaterial ink composed of gelatin (Gel), polycaprolactone (PCL), and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) was synthesized and used to fabricate customized porous scaffolds via 3D printing. Diflunisal was loaded onto the scaffolds using a Gel swelling method. <i>In vitro</i> experiments showed sustained diflunisal release under different pH conditions (pH = 6.0 and 7.4) mimicking infection and protection of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from <i>S. aureus</i> toxins. <i>In vivo</i> studies revealed significant alleviation of infection and promotion of bone regeneration at the defect site. This diflunisal-loaded Gel/PCL/n-HA scaffold integrates anti-virulence therapy with bone regeneration, offering a promising solution for osteomyelitis treatment.</p>

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Anti-inflammatory and Bone Regenerative Efficacy of Diflunisal-Loaded 3D-Printed Scaffolds in Treating Osteomyelitis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Jiehui Yang,
  • Li Chen,
  • Mao Yang,
  • Ke Zeng,
  • Chenxin Wang,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Mingyue Lin,
  • Huanshuo Zhang,
  • Denglang Hu,
  • Min Huang,
  • Yubao Li,
  • Yijing Stehle,
  • Qin Zou

摘要

Osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a severe inflammatory bone disease that is difficult to eradicate and can be life-threatening. Traditional treatments relying on high-dose systemic antibiotics often fail due to biofilm resistance and emerging drug-resistant strains. This study proposes a diflunisal-loaded 3D-printed scaffold as a novel therapeutic strategy. A composite biomaterial ink composed of gelatin (Gel), polycaprolactone (PCL), and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) was synthesized and used to fabricate customized porous scaffolds via 3D printing. Diflunisal was loaded onto the scaffolds using a Gel swelling method. In vitro experiments showed sustained diflunisal release under different pH conditions (pH = 6.0 and 7.4) mimicking infection and protection of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from S. aureus toxins. In vivo studies revealed significant alleviation of infection and promotion of bone regeneration at the defect site. This diflunisal-loaded Gel/PCL/n-HA scaffold integrates anti-virulence therapy with bone regeneration, offering a promising solution for osteomyelitis treatment.