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<p>The soft actuator is characterized by high safety, flexibility, and adaptability. It is capable of both active and passive deformations. This paper presents a discrete degree of freedom (DOF) method for soft actuators to reveal DOF characteristics. The method draws on the superposition mechanism of the deformation characteristics of the sarcomere in the skeletal muscles of living organisms. Firstly, the multi-DOF deformation characteristics of the soft actuator are discretized into superimposed combinations of single-DOF micro-units. Then, the soft actuator was determined to contain deformation characteristics such as extension-contraction, bending, and twisting. Eighteen types of micro-units with basic deformation characteristics were obtained depending on the axis and orientation. Further, the mapping relationship between the combination of micro-units and the motion characteristics of the soft actuator based on the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_{F}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> set theory was established. Finally, an active–passive DOF co-structured soft actuator (APCSA) was developed. The graphical approach analyzes the experimental results, and it can be concluded that active and passive DOFs can coexist in the composite deformation of the soft actuator.</p>

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Research on the Active and Passive Motion Characteristics of Bioinspired Soft Actuators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Qi Shen,
  • Jinzhu Zhang,
  • Xiaoyan Xiong,
  • Hongjie Du,
  • Shiyu Li

摘要

The soft actuator is characterized by high safety, flexibility, and adaptability. It is capable of both active and passive deformations. This paper presents a discrete degree of freedom (DOF) method for soft actuators to reveal DOF characteristics. The method draws on the superposition mechanism of the deformation characteristics of the sarcomere in the skeletal muscles of living organisms. Firstly, the multi-DOF deformation characteristics of the soft actuator are discretized into superimposed combinations of single-DOF micro-units. Then, the soft actuator was determined to contain deformation characteristics such as extension-contraction, bending, and twisting. Eighteen types of micro-units with basic deformation characteristics were obtained depending on the axis and orientation. Further, the mapping relationship between the combination of micro-units and the motion characteristics of the soft actuator based on the \(G_{F}\) set theory was established. Finally, an active–passive DOF co-structured soft actuator (APCSA) was developed. The graphical approach analyzes the experimental results, and it can be concluded that active and passive DOFs can coexist in the composite deformation of the soft actuator.