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<p>Surface morphology of <i>Ceratocanthus</i> beetle elytra was investigated for spike surface texture and its geometry using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Material properties were analyzed for both surface and cross-section of elytra using nano-indentation technique. The spike texture was significantly rigid compared with the non-textured zone; a bi-layer system of <i>E</i> and <i>H</i> was identified at the elytra cross-section. Normal load acting on spike texture during free-fall conditions was estimated analytically and deflection equation was derived. The design of spike texture with conical base was studied for minimization of deflection and volume using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization technique, confirming the smart design of the natural solution. The frictional behavior of elytra was studied using fundamental tribology test and the role of the oriented spike texture was investigated for frictional anisotropy. Compression resistance of full beetle was evaluated for both conglobated and non-conglobated configuration and tensile strengths were compared using Brazilian test. Puncture and wear resistance of full elytra were characterized and correlated with its defense mechanism.</p>

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Optimized Biological Texture Design, Frictional Anisotropy, Puncture/Wear Resistance and Strength of Conglobated and Non-conglobated Ceratocanthus Beetle Elytra

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Vivek Kashyap,
  • Nicola Maria Pugno

摘要

Surface morphology of Ceratocanthus beetle elytra was investigated for spike surface texture and its geometry using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Material properties were analyzed for both surface and cross-section of elytra using nano-indentation technique. The spike texture was significantly rigid compared with the non-textured zone; a bi-layer system of E and H was identified at the elytra cross-section. Normal load acting on spike texture during free-fall conditions was estimated analytically and deflection equation was derived. The design of spike texture with conical base was studied for minimization of deflection and volume using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization technique, confirming the smart design of the natural solution. The frictional behavior of elytra was studied using fundamental tribology test and the role of the oriented spike texture was investigated for frictional anisotropy. Compression resistance of full beetle was evaluated for both conglobated and non-conglobated configuration and tensile strengths were compared using Brazilian test. Puncture and wear resistance of full elytra were characterized and correlated with its defense mechanism.