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<p>Most cultivars of the domesticated apple (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh.) are susceptible to fire blight, caused by the bacterium, <i>Erwinia amylovora</i>. Although some moderately resistance QTL have been identified in apple, the major QTL have been found in wild apple species. Resistance to fire blight in <i>Malus</i> is, however, strain-dependent with proven gene-for-gene relationships. The QTL of three wild <i>Malus</i> species, namely <i>Malus floribunda</i> 821 (Mf821), the ornamental cultivar ‘Evereste’, and <i>Malus ×arnoldiana</i> accession MAL0004, have been mapped to a similar region at the distal end of linkage group 12 (LG12). A previous study provided evidence that the resistance mechanisms of these three sources could differ, as an Eop1 effector mutant strain (Ea1189Δeop1) of the pathogen was shown to overcome the resistance of Mf821 and ‘Evereste’, but not that of MAL0004. Nevertheless, although MAL0004 is not overcome by Ea1189Δeop1, its QTL on LG12 was completely broken down by this mutant strain. In this study, the LG12 resistance locus of Mf821 was investigated using a segregating F<sub>1</sub> population. The progenies were genotyped with SSR markers, and the data were used to develop a genetic linkage map for Mf821. The F<sub>1</sub> progeny was inoculated with a wild-type strain, Ea222, and the mutant Ea1189Δeop1 strain. Through QTL analysis, we detected <i>FB_Mf821</i> on LG12 with Ea222, and for the first time, we report the complete breakdown of this locus by Ea1189Δeop1. We therefore present the strongest evidence to date of a gene-for-gene interaction between the Eop1 effector of <i>E. amylovora</i> and <i>FB_Mf821</i> on LG12.</p>

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Detection and breakdown of the fire blight resistance QTL of Malus floribunda 821 on linkage group 12

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Tinashe Sean Mandeya,
  • Holger Zetzsche,
  • Diana Seidler,
  • Henryk Flachowsky,
  • Thomas Wolfgang Wöhner,
  • Andreas Peil,
  • Ofere Francis Emeriewen

摘要

Most cultivars of the domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) are susceptible to fire blight, caused by the bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. Although some moderately resistance QTL have been identified in apple, the major QTL have been found in wild apple species. Resistance to fire blight in Malus is, however, strain-dependent with proven gene-for-gene relationships. The QTL of three wild Malus species, namely Malus floribunda 821 (Mf821), the ornamental cultivar ‘Evereste’, and Malus ×arnoldiana accession MAL0004, have been mapped to a similar region at the distal end of linkage group 12 (LG12). A previous study provided evidence that the resistance mechanisms of these three sources could differ, as an Eop1 effector mutant strain (Ea1189Δeop1) of the pathogen was shown to overcome the resistance of Mf821 and ‘Evereste’, but not that of MAL0004. Nevertheless, although MAL0004 is not overcome by Ea1189Δeop1, its QTL on LG12 was completely broken down by this mutant strain. In this study, the LG12 resistance locus of Mf821 was investigated using a segregating F1 population. The progenies were genotyped with SSR markers, and the data were used to develop a genetic linkage map for Mf821. The F1 progeny was inoculated with a wild-type strain, Ea222, and the mutant Ea1189Δeop1 strain. Through QTL analysis, we detected FB_Mf821 on LG12 with Ea222, and for the first time, we report the complete breakdown of this locus by Ea1189Δeop1. We therefore present the strongest evidence to date of a gene-for-gene interaction between the Eop1 effector of E. amylovora and FB_Mf821 on LG12.