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<p>Bacterial diseases of ornamental plants represent a substantial threat to plant health, economic sustainability, and biosecurity. Leaf blight in ornamental plants was observed in the Alborz, Tehran, and Markazi greenhouses during the summer and autumn of 2022. Fifty-five samples were collected from ornamental plants, including begonia (<i>Begonia semperflorens</i>), syngonium (<i>Syngonium podophyllum</i>), zamiifolia (<i>Zamioculcas zamiifolia</i>), baby rubber plant (<i>Peperomia obtusifolia</i>), jade plant (<i>Crassula ovata</i>), Swiss cheese plant (<i>Monstera adansonii</i>), and pothos (<i>Epipremnum aureum</i>), showing leaf blight and black discoloration. A total of 105 strains with round, convex, and smooth colonies were isolated from the symptomatic tissues. The pathogenicity of all strains was evaluated on their respective hosts, among which 65 strains were found to cause disease. The pathogenic strains were divided into three groups based on traditional phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using sequences of 16S rRNA or <i>gyrB</i>. Among these, 41 strains belonged to <i>Stenotrophomonas indicatrix</i> and 17 strains belonged to <i>Stenotrophomonas sepilia</i>. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of <i>gyrB</i> and <i>rpoD</i> genes revealed that strains UT-B72, UT-B76, UT-B83, UT-B130, UT-B195, UT-B281, UT-B335, UT-B362, and UT-B446 clustered with <i>S. indicatrix</i> WS40<sup>T</sup>. Moreover, strains UT-B218 and UT-B284 were grouped with <i>S. sepilia</i> ZH16<sup>T</sup>, as well as strains UT-B55, UT-B182, and UT-B337 formed a separate cluster close to <i>S. lactitubi</i> M15<sup>T</sup>. This study characterized <i>S. indicatrix</i> as a causal agent of leaf blight in begonia, syngonium, pothos, baby rubber plant, jade plant, and Swiss cheese plant. Moreover, <i>S. sepilia</i> was identified as the cause of leaf blight on begonia and zamiifolia, and an unclassified <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> species was associated with leaf blight on Swiss cheese plant and pothos. These results indicated that <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> is no longer viewed solely as a beneficial plant-associated bacterium; instead, it should be considered a genuine threat to plant health.</p>

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Stenotrophomonas species as emerging plant pathogens causing leaf blight in ornamental crops

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Fatemeh Bolhasani,
  • Nargues Falahi Charkhabi,
  • Marzieh Siyavashi

摘要

Bacterial diseases of ornamental plants represent a substantial threat to plant health, economic sustainability, and biosecurity. Leaf blight in ornamental plants was observed in the Alborz, Tehran, and Markazi greenhouses during the summer and autumn of 2022. Fifty-five samples were collected from ornamental plants, including begonia (Begonia semperflorens), syngonium (Syngonium podophyllum), zamiifolia (Zamioculcas zamiifolia), baby rubber plant (Peperomia obtusifolia), jade plant (Crassula ovata), Swiss cheese plant (Monstera adansonii), and pothos (Epipremnum aureum), showing leaf blight and black discoloration. A total of 105 strains with round, convex, and smooth colonies were isolated from the symptomatic tissues. The pathogenicity of all strains was evaluated on their respective hosts, among which 65 strains were found to cause disease. The pathogenic strains were divided into three groups based on traditional phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using sequences of 16S rRNA or gyrB. Among these, 41 strains belonged to Stenotrophomonas indicatrix and 17 strains belonged to Stenotrophomonas sepilia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of gyrB and rpoD genes revealed that strains UT-B72, UT-B76, UT-B83, UT-B130, UT-B195, UT-B281, UT-B335, UT-B362, and UT-B446 clustered with S. indicatrix WS40T. Moreover, strains UT-B218 and UT-B284 were grouped with S. sepilia ZH16T, as well as strains UT-B55, UT-B182, and UT-B337 formed a separate cluster close to S. lactitubi M15T. This study characterized S. indicatrix as a causal agent of leaf blight in begonia, syngonium, pothos, baby rubber plant, jade plant, and Swiss cheese plant. Moreover, S. sepilia was identified as the cause of leaf blight on begonia and zamiifolia, and an unclassified Stenotrophomonas species was associated with leaf blight on Swiss cheese plant and pothos. These results indicated that Stenotrophomonas is no longer viewed solely as a beneficial plant-associated bacterium; instead, it should be considered a genuine threat to plant health.