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<p>Tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) are often affected by several fungal infections. Root rot disease is very common in commercial greenhouses. Identifying environmentally sustainable substitutes for chemical fungicides is crucial. <i>Trichoderma</i> species are environmentally sustainable and effective biological control agents. Consequently, we isolated thirty <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates, evaluated their antifungal efficacy against <i>Fusarium solani</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, the pathogens responsible for root rot disease in tomatoes, and subsequently examined the effects of these isolates on disease severity, as well as the morphological and biochemical characteristics of affected tomatoes. The isolates exhibiting the most substantial inhibition zones against the pathogenic fungi, <i>F. solani</i> and <i>R. solani</i>, were AATri1, AATri22, AATri56, and AATri74. These isolates were identified via MALDI-TOF as <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i>, <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>, <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>, and <i>Trichoderma viride</i>, respectively. The antifungal efficacy of the four chosen isolates was evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi, including <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Helminthosporium solani</i>, <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, and <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i>. <i>T. asperellum</i> AATri56 exhibited the most substantial inhibition zone widths, ranging from 20 to 39, against the examined pathogenic fungi. The antifungal mechanism of <i>T. asperellum</i> AATri56 against <i>F. solani</i> and <i>R. solani</i> was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our assessment of four <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates (AATri1, AATri22, AATri56, and AATri74) identified AATri56 for its remarkable growth-promoting and disease-suppressing attributes. This isolate significantly generated IAA, resulting in a 31% increase in tomato seed germination. The results indicated that AATri56 significantly diminished disease severity induced by <i>F. solani</i> and <i>R. solani</i> in tomatoes, attaining a 90% decrease. AATri56, when applied as a soil drench, effectively managed disease while enhancing tomato fruit weight by 40% and overall output by 58%. Moreover, drenching soil with AATri56 significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) upregulated peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels to normal control. Notable elevations in photosynthetic pigments were recorded: chlorophyll increased by 222%, while carotenoids climbed by 28% compared to infected controls. The results robustly endorse the proposal of <i>T. asperellum</i> AATri56 as a potent biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi.</p>

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Fungicidal potential of Trichoderma isolates from soil in managing root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani in tomato plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Latifa Al Husnain,
  • Eman A. Al-Shahari,
  • Yehia Hazzazi,
  • Mari Sumayli,
  • Hawazen K. Al-Gheffari,
  • Amera N. Alqahtani,
  • Abdelghafar Mohamed Abu-Elsaoud,
  • Waleed G. Mostafa,
  • Amr M. Atif,
  • Sally Attia,
  • Maha M. Nader

摘要

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are often affected by several fungal infections. Root rot disease is very common in commercial greenhouses. Identifying environmentally sustainable substitutes for chemical fungicides is crucial. Trichoderma species are environmentally sustainable and effective biological control agents. Consequently, we isolated thirty Trichoderma isolates, evaluated their antifungal efficacy against Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani, the pathogens responsible for root rot disease in tomatoes, and subsequently examined the effects of these isolates on disease severity, as well as the morphological and biochemical characteristics of affected tomatoes. The isolates exhibiting the most substantial inhibition zones against the pathogenic fungi, F. solani and R. solani, were AATri1, AATri22, AATri56, and AATri74. These isolates were identified via MALDI-TOF as Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma viride, respectively. The antifungal efficacy of the four chosen isolates was evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium solani, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Podosphaera xanthii. T. asperellum AATri56 exhibited the most substantial inhibition zone widths, ranging from 20 to 39, against the examined pathogenic fungi. The antifungal mechanism of T. asperellum AATri56 against F. solani and R. solani was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our assessment of four Trichoderma isolates (AATri1, AATri22, AATri56, and AATri74) identified AATri56 for its remarkable growth-promoting and disease-suppressing attributes. This isolate significantly generated IAA, resulting in a 31% increase in tomato seed germination. The results indicated that AATri56 significantly diminished disease severity induced by F. solani and R. solani in tomatoes, attaining a 90% decrease. AATri56, when applied as a soil drench, effectively managed disease while enhancing tomato fruit weight by 40% and overall output by 58%. Moreover, drenching soil with AATri56 significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) enzyme levels to normal control. Notable elevations in photosynthetic pigments were recorded: chlorophyll increased by 222%, while carotenoids climbed by 28% compared to infected controls. The results robustly endorse the proposal of T. asperellum AATri56 as a potent biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi.