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<p>The impacts of viruses on horticultural and fruit traits of apple trees were first characterized half a century ago, yet the responses to viruses of contemporary apple cultivars and rootstocks in high-density planting systems remains largely unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple green crinkle-associated virus (AGCaV), and citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV) on horticultural and fruit traits of young apple trees representing six commercially relevant scion-rootstock combinations in a high-density experimental orchard in New York. Analyses of horticultural traits showed statistically significant differences between infected and uninfected trees in trunk diameter (CCGaV) and terminal shoot growth (CCGaV, AGCaV); however, differences in means were small and inconsistent. Analyses of fruit traits revealed a statistically significant yield reduction of ‘Baigent’ Gala trees on ‘Geneva 935’ (G.935) rootstocks associated with ACLSV (-27%), ASPV (-16%) and CCGaV (-24%) in 2021, but not in 2022. Additionally, the number of concurrent virus infections per tree, as determined by multiplex PCR-based amplicon sequencing, was significantly negatively correlated with the yield of ‘Baigent’ Gala trees on G.935 in 2021 and significantly positively correlated with the firmness of fruits collected from trees on G.935 in both years. Together, these highly variable effects suggest that apple cultivars, rootstock genotypes, or combinations thereof, as well as variable environmental conditions, may influence the impacts of viruses in a high-density production system.</p>

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Impacts of viruses on horticultural and fruit traits of young apple trees in a high-density production system in New York

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Anna O. Wunsch,
  • Mario Miranda Sazo,
  • Janet van Zoeren,
  • Kurt H. Lamour,
  • Oscar P. Hurtado-Gonzales,
  • Marc Fuchs

摘要

The impacts of viruses on horticultural and fruit traits of apple trees were first characterized half a century ago, yet the responses to viruses of contemporary apple cultivars and rootstocks in high-density planting systems remains largely unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple green crinkle-associated virus (AGCaV), and citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV) on horticultural and fruit traits of young apple trees representing six commercially relevant scion-rootstock combinations in a high-density experimental orchard in New York. Analyses of horticultural traits showed statistically significant differences between infected and uninfected trees in trunk diameter (CCGaV) and terminal shoot growth (CCGaV, AGCaV); however, differences in means were small and inconsistent. Analyses of fruit traits revealed a statistically significant yield reduction of ‘Baigent’ Gala trees on ‘Geneva 935’ (G.935) rootstocks associated with ACLSV (-27%), ASPV (-16%) and CCGaV (-24%) in 2021, but not in 2022. Additionally, the number of concurrent virus infections per tree, as determined by multiplex PCR-based amplicon sequencing, was significantly negatively correlated with the yield of ‘Baigent’ Gala trees on G.935 in 2021 and significantly positively correlated with the firmness of fruits collected from trees on G.935 in both years. Together, these highly variable effects suggest that apple cultivars, rootstock genotypes, or combinations thereof, as well as variable environmental conditions, may influence the impacts of viruses in a high-density production system.