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<p>Plants are constantly exposed to fungal pathogens that threaten their growth and productivity. <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> is a common soil-borne pathogen that causes serious diseases such as charcoal rot, stem rot and seedling blight in various crops. In this study, the antifungal potential of selected phytohormones against <i>M. phaseolina</i> is investigated using integrated in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. The antifungal activity of salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide, melatonin, indole-3-acetic acid, ethephon, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid-3 was tested in vitro by microtiter assay. SA and MeJA showed superior efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.312 mM and 0.625 mM, respectively. Their antifungal activity was validated by inhibition of mycelial growth on agar and by pathogenicity test on potato tubers. In vivo studies on <i>Vigna mungo</i> seeds primed with sub-inhibitory concentrations of SA (0.1 mM) or MeJA (0.5 mM) showed improved germination and reduced disease symptoms during early growth compared to non-primed, fungus-exposed controls. In silico docking analyses further revealed strong binding of SA and MeJA to <i>M. phaseolina</i> virulence proteins, Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and Cytochrome P450, indicating their potential to inhibit key pathogenicity factors. These results emphasize the efficacy of SA and MeJA in combating <i>M. phaseolina</i>-associated diseases.</p>

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Phytohormones-regulated defense mechanisms in plants against Macrophomina phaseolina infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Lucky Duhan,
  • Ritu Pasrija

摘要

Plants are constantly exposed to fungal pathogens that threaten their growth and productivity. Macrophomina phaseolina is a common soil-borne pathogen that causes serious diseases such as charcoal rot, stem rot and seedling blight in various crops. In this study, the antifungal potential of selected phytohormones against M. phaseolina is investigated using integrated in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. The antifungal activity of salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide, melatonin, indole-3-acetic acid, ethephon, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid-3 was tested in vitro by microtiter assay. SA and MeJA showed superior efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.312 mM and 0.625 mM, respectively. Their antifungal activity was validated by inhibition of mycelial growth on agar and by pathogenicity test on potato tubers. In vivo studies on Vigna mungo seeds primed with sub-inhibitory concentrations of SA (0.1 mM) or MeJA (0.5 mM) showed improved germination and reduced disease symptoms during early growth compared to non-primed, fungus-exposed controls. In silico docking analyses further revealed strong binding of SA and MeJA to M. phaseolina virulence proteins, Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and Cytochrome P450, indicating their potential to inhibit key pathogenicity factors. These results emphasize the efficacy of SA and MeJA in combating M. phaseolina-associated diseases.