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<p><i>Alternaria</i> species pose a considerable risk to agricultural production, resulting in severe crop losses, with documented losses for tomatoes between 50% and 86%. The application of traditional fungicides to manage <i>Alternaria</i> impacts the environment and public health. In this study, twenty-five plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the soil rhizosphere, selecting those with a reduction rate exceeding 60% against <i>Alternaria terricola</i> (AT) for identification via MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The isolates A9, A15, and A22 were designated as <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> A9, <i>Bacillus wiedmannii</i> A15, and <i>Bacillus oceanisediminis</i> A22, respectively, and employed as prospective alternative fungicides. <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> A9 demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy against the examined tomato pathogenic fungi. The widths of the inhibition zones varied from 24 to 35&#xa0;mm. A9 isolate showed considerable potential as PGPR, which produced considerable IAA content, which enhanced the tomato seed germination by 31% compared to the other isolates. The three isolates were administered to healthy and AT-infected tomato plants using drench and foliar application. The findings indicated that A9 was the most effective in reducing <i>A. terricola</i> and improving the plant’s physicochemical characteristics and output. The results indicated that A9 markedly reduced disease severity index (DSI) by 92.2%, augmenting fruit weight by 46.37% and increasing tomato output by 77.6% in A19-treated plants. Drenching soil with the A9 isolate was more successful in downregulating polyphenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline content to their control levels. Compared to the infected control, chlorophyll content enhanced by 210% and 190% in drench and foliar treatments, respectively, while carotenoid content increased by 29% and 18%. The <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> A9 isolate is proposed as a substitute biocontrol agent for phytopathogenic fungi.</p>

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Isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as an environmentally friendly fungicide against leaf blight disease in Alternaria terricola-infected tomato plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Diana A. Al-Quwaie,
  • Aminah Allohibi

摘要

Alternaria species pose a considerable risk to agricultural production, resulting in severe crop losses, with documented losses for tomatoes between 50% and 86%. The application of traditional fungicides to manage Alternaria impacts the environment and public health. In this study, twenty-five plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the soil rhizosphere, selecting those with a reduction rate exceeding 60% against Alternaria terricola (AT) for identification via MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The isolates A9, A15, and A22 were designated as Bacillus megaterium A9, Bacillus wiedmannii A15, and Bacillus oceanisediminis A22, respectively, and employed as prospective alternative fungicides. Bacillus megaterium A9 demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy against the examined tomato pathogenic fungi. The widths of the inhibition zones varied from 24 to 35 mm. A9 isolate showed considerable potential as PGPR, which produced considerable IAA content, which enhanced the tomato seed germination by 31% compared to the other isolates. The three isolates were administered to healthy and AT-infected tomato plants using drench and foliar application. The findings indicated that A9 was the most effective in reducing A. terricola and improving the plant’s physicochemical characteristics and output. The results indicated that A9 markedly reduced disease severity index (DSI) by 92.2%, augmenting fruit weight by 46.37% and increasing tomato output by 77.6% in A19-treated plants. Drenching soil with the A9 isolate was more successful in downregulating polyphenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline content to their control levels. Compared to the infected control, chlorophyll content enhanced by 210% and 190% in drench and foliar treatments, respectively, while carotenoid content increased by 29% and 18%. The Bacillus megaterium A9 isolate is proposed as a substitute biocontrol agent for phytopathogenic fungi.