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<p><i>Trichoderma</i> species have proven highly effective in curbing the spread of phytopathogens by employing various specialized mechanisms, such as parasitism, antibiosis, competition for resources, and spatial dominance within the niche. The present study endeavours to unravel the mechanisms driving <i>Trichoderma</i> parasitism against <i>Alternaria porri</i> and its effectiveness in mitigating onion purple blotch. Amongst five <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates (ORF 1- ORF 5) retrieved from onion rhizosphere, one was identified as <i>Trichoderma asperelloides</i>, three isolates as <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> and the remaining one as <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> based on ITS-rRNA sequencing. In vitro assessment of <i>Trichoderma</i> isolates for their antagonistic activity against <i>Alternaria porri</i> revealed the potency of <i>T. asperellum</i> ORF 2 in inhibiting mycelial growth of <i>A. porri</i>. <i>T. asperellum</i> ORF 2 was tested positive for ammonia excretion and siderophore production. SEM visualization of <i>T. asperellum</i> ORF 2 interacting with <i>A. porri</i> revealed physical intertwining of hyphae and structural damage to conidia, suggestive of a competitive or antagonistic relationship. GC-MS analysis unveiled the presence of six volatile secondary metabolites which may be responsible for its antagonistic potential. <i>In planta</i> evaluation indicated that foliar application of <i>T. asperellum</i> ORF 2 was highly influential in enhancing phenolics and antioxidant enzymes with significant suppression of onion purple blotch, resulting in 49.21 per cent management. Evaluation in field also revealed potency of <i>T. asperellum</i> ORF 2 in suppressing onion purple blotch (38.14 per cent management) and increasing seed yield. The present study unveiled the promising role of <i>T. asperellum</i> ORF 2 as a potent biocontrol agent against incitant of onion purple blotch. Its multifaceted antagonistic mechanism and demonstrated efficacy under field conditions underscore its potential for sustainable disease management strategies in onion cultivation.</p>

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Deciphering the multifaceted mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum ORF 2 parasitism against Alternaria porri in confronting onion purple blotch

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Shubham Saini,
  • Hemant Kumar,
  • Leela Wati,
  • Rakesh Kumar,
  • Anil Kumar Saini,
  • Shweta,
  • Ankit Saini,
  • Garima,
  • Kalpana Yadav,
  • Kushal Raj

摘要

Trichoderma species have proven highly effective in curbing the spread of phytopathogens by employing various specialized mechanisms, such as parasitism, antibiosis, competition for resources, and spatial dominance within the niche. The present study endeavours to unravel the mechanisms driving Trichoderma parasitism against Alternaria porri and its effectiveness in mitigating onion purple blotch. Amongst five Trichoderma isolates (ORF 1- ORF 5) retrieved from onion rhizosphere, one was identified as Trichoderma asperelloides, three isolates as Trichoderma asperellum and the remaining one as Trichoderma harzianum based on ITS-rRNA sequencing. In vitro assessment of Trichoderma isolates for their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri revealed the potency of T. asperellum ORF 2 in inhibiting mycelial growth of A. porri. T. asperellum ORF 2 was tested positive for ammonia excretion and siderophore production. SEM visualization of T. asperellum ORF 2 interacting with A. porri revealed physical intertwining of hyphae and structural damage to conidia, suggestive of a competitive or antagonistic relationship. GC-MS analysis unveiled the presence of six volatile secondary metabolites which may be responsible for its antagonistic potential. In planta evaluation indicated that foliar application of T. asperellum ORF 2 was highly influential in enhancing phenolics and antioxidant enzymes with significant suppression of onion purple blotch, resulting in 49.21 per cent management. Evaluation in field also revealed potency of T. asperellum ORF 2 in suppressing onion purple blotch (38.14 per cent management) and increasing seed yield. The present study unveiled the promising role of T. asperellum ORF 2 as a potent biocontrol agent against incitant of onion purple blotch. Its multifaceted antagonistic mechanism and demonstrated efficacy under field conditions underscore its potential for sustainable disease management strategies in onion cultivation.