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<p>Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) offer a promising solution for sustainable transportation. However, effective energy management remains a challenge due to the non-linear dynamics of the powertrain and the need to balance performance with the health of the vehicle’s energy storage system (ESS). This study proposes a novel adaptive differential evolution-based frequency separation energy management system (ADE-FS-EMS), featuring adaptive mutation control to dynamically calibrate frequency parameters to optimize load distribution among the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), lithium-ion battery, and supercapacitor (SC). The proposed EMS minimizes PEMFC fuel consumption while maintaining the state of charge (SOC) for both the battery and SC. Furthermore, by intelligently shifting high-frequency transient demands to the SC, the proposed EMS significantly reduces stress and degradation of both the PEMFC and battery. A comprehensive robustness analysis, including hardware-in-loop (HIL) testing, validates the real-time feasibility of the proposed EMS. Key findings demonstrate that the proposed EMS achieves a significant reduction in hydrogen fuel consumption, enables nearly 40% PEMFC downsizing, and reduces PEMFC energy demand by up to 36% through SC integration, while achieving an overall vehicle cost reduction of approximately 12.4%. These findings establish ADE-FS-EMS as a robust EMS that enhances the performance, longevity, and economic viability of FCHEVs.</p>

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Adaptive Metaheuristic Energy Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Performance Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Mubashir Rasool,
  • Muhammad Adil Khan

摘要

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) offer a promising solution for sustainable transportation. However, effective energy management remains a challenge due to the non-linear dynamics of the powertrain and the need to balance performance with the health of the vehicle’s energy storage system (ESS). This study proposes a novel adaptive differential evolution-based frequency separation energy management system (ADE-FS-EMS), featuring adaptive mutation control to dynamically calibrate frequency parameters to optimize load distribution among the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), lithium-ion battery, and supercapacitor (SC). The proposed EMS minimizes PEMFC fuel consumption while maintaining the state of charge (SOC) for both the battery and SC. Furthermore, by intelligently shifting high-frequency transient demands to the SC, the proposed EMS significantly reduces stress and degradation of both the PEMFC and battery. A comprehensive robustness analysis, including hardware-in-loop (HIL) testing, validates the real-time feasibility of the proposed EMS. Key findings demonstrate that the proposed EMS achieves a significant reduction in hydrogen fuel consumption, enables nearly 40% PEMFC downsizing, and reduces PEMFC energy demand by up to 36% through SC integration, while achieving an overall vehicle cost reduction of approximately 12.4%. These findings establish ADE-FS-EMS as a robust EMS that enhances the performance, longevity, and economic viability of FCHEVs.