MXene based heterostructure engineered via molten salt modification: toward high-capacity and long-life zinc-iodine batteries
摘要
The scalable synthesis of high-quality MXenes with minimal layer stacking remains a critical challenge for their practical applications. Here, we report a modified molten salt-assisted strategy to construct a 3D porous Ti3C2Tx@K2Ti8O17 heterostructure, simultaneously addressing MXene restacking and enhancing electrochemical performance. By exfoliating Ti3C2Tx in a LiCl-AlCl3 molten salt medium followed by in-situ KOH-induced transformation, K2Ti8O17 nanoflakes are uniformly embedded between MXene layers, acting as permanent spacers to inhibit aggregation while creating a conductive, catalytic network. As a proof of concept, the engineered Ti3C2Tx@K2Ti8O17 heterostructure is implemented as a multifunctional separator for zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs), the optimized ZIBs demonstrates exceptional cycling stability with ultralow capacity decay (0.0008% per cycle at 50 C over 7000 cycles) and remarkable rate capability (137.4 mAh g− 1 at 50 C), far outperforming commercial polypropylene separator based ZIBs. The excellent performances of the ZIBs can be attributed to the following factors: (1) iodine redox kinetics is significantly accelerated by the conductive MXene matrix, (2) polyiodide shuttle effects are suppressed through chemisorption on K2Ti8O17 spacers, and (3) electrolyte permeability is improved by the hierarchically porous architecture. This strategy combines strong adsorption with fast electrochemical reactions, providing a simple and effective solution for optimizing the performance of Zn-I2 batteries.