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<p>X-rays are widely used in medical diagnostics and industrial nondestructive testing. However, as a form of ionizing radiation, prolonged or excessive exposure can harm the human body and damage precision instruments. Traditional lead-based shielding materials are heavy, toxic, and lack flexibility. Inspired by the layered structure of green sulfur bacteria for capturing light energy, this study designed and fabricated a lightweight, flexible, lead-free, symmetric-gradient structural film (SGF). Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with homogeneous materials, the SGF exhibits significant advantages in terms of reduced radiation leakage, mechanical properties, and X-ray shielding performance. The SGF-75 exhibits a mass attenuation coefficient of 67.7 ± 2.5–94.2 ± 3.2 cm<sup>2</sup>g<sup>− 1</sup> at tube voltages of 20–70&#xa0;kV, while also more effectively suppressing harmful scattered secondary radiation. Furthermore, the SGF-75 possesses good mechanical strength and flexibility (tensile strength: 61.1 ± 1.9&#xa0;MPa; toughness: 2.6 ± 0.1 MJ·m<sup>− 3</sup>). This study presents a feasible design strategy for developing novel lead-free shielding materials that combine high protective performance with wearability.</p>

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Green sulfur bacteria bioinspired hierarchical architecture composite films for high-efficiency x-ray shielding

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Jingru Zhang,
  • Wenbo Wang,
  • Zizhan Guo,
  • Li Hua,
  • Xiyu Chang,
  • Fengfeng Jia,
  • Zhaoqing Lu

摘要

X-rays are widely used in medical diagnostics and industrial nondestructive testing. However, as a form of ionizing radiation, prolonged or excessive exposure can harm the human body and damage precision instruments. Traditional lead-based shielding materials are heavy, toxic, and lack flexibility. Inspired by the layered structure of green sulfur bacteria for capturing light energy, this study designed and fabricated a lightweight, flexible, lead-free, symmetric-gradient structural film (SGF). Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with homogeneous materials, the SGF exhibits significant advantages in terms of reduced radiation leakage, mechanical properties, and X-ray shielding performance. The SGF-75 exhibits a mass attenuation coefficient of 67.7 ± 2.5–94.2 ± 3.2 cm2g− 1 at tube voltages of 20–70 kV, while also more effectively suppressing harmful scattered secondary radiation. Furthermore, the SGF-75 possesses good mechanical strength and flexibility (tensile strength: 61.1 ± 1.9 MPa; toughness: 2.6 ± 0.1 MJ·m− 3). This study presents a feasible design strategy for developing novel lead-free shielding materials that combine high protective performance with wearability.