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<p>To strategically overcome the shortcomings of conventional photocatalysts, particularly inadequate redox potentials, a series of precisely engineered TiO<sub>2</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> heterojunction photocatalysts, coded as TB-x (x represents the molar ratio% of Bi: Ti), has been designed and synthesized through deliberate bandgap adjustment. An optimal interfacial electronic structure, formed by coupling wide-bandgap TiO<sub>2</sub> (3.0–3.2&#xa0;eV) with narrower-bandgap Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> (2.6–2.9&#xa0;eV), enables efficient charge dynamics under low-intensity UV irradiation (~ 1&#xa0;W). The optimized TB-5 demonstrates complete removal of 5 ppm formaldehyde (FA: 100% X<sub>FA</sub>) within 600&#xa0;s, achieving a clean air delivery rate of 10.37&#xa0;L min<sup>-1</sup> and apparent quantum yield of 2.68E-01%. The exceptional activity is supported by the formation of a robust S-scheme heterojunction, as confirmed both experimentally and theoretically via density functional theory calculations. This charge preservation mechanism is remarkably robust, converting 81.6% of FA (initial concentration: 100 ppm) into CO<sub>2</sub> within 2&#xa0;h. In-situ DRIFTS analysis further suggests that FA oxidation proceeds sequentially through dioxymethylene and formate intermediates. This work thus establishes a foundational strategy for practical indoor air purification by integrating advanced S-scheme design with atomic-level mechanistic insight, charting a clear path from lab-scale discovery to real-world application.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bandgap-adjusted bismuth tungstate-titanium dioxide S-scheme heterojunctions: Optimizing interfacial electronic structure for rapid VOC mineralization

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Qian Yin,
  • Hubdar Ali Maitlo,
  • Ki-Hyun Kim

摘要

To strategically overcome the shortcomings of conventional photocatalysts, particularly inadequate redox potentials, a series of precisely engineered TiO2-Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalysts, coded as TB-x (x represents the molar ratio% of Bi: Ti), has been designed and synthesized through deliberate bandgap adjustment. An optimal interfacial electronic structure, formed by coupling wide-bandgap TiO2 (3.0–3.2 eV) with narrower-bandgap Bi2WO6 (2.6–2.9 eV), enables efficient charge dynamics under low-intensity UV irradiation (~ 1 W). The optimized TB-5 demonstrates complete removal of 5 ppm formaldehyde (FA: 100% XFA) within 600 s, achieving a clean air delivery rate of 10.37 L min-1 and apparent quantum yield of 2.68E-01%. The exceptional activity is supported by the formation of a robust S-scheme heterojunction, as confirmed both experimentally and theoretically via density functional theory calculations. This charge preservation mechanism is remarkably robust, converting 81.6% of FA (initial concentration: 100 ppm) into CO2 within 2 h. In-situ DRIFTS analysis further suggests that FA oxidation proceeds sequentially through dioxymethylene and formate intermediates. This work thus establishes a foundational strategy for practical indoor air purification by integrating advanced S-scheme design with atomic-level mechanistic insight, charting a clear path from lab-scale discovery to real-world application.

Graphical Abstract