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<p>Ice accretion poses significant challenges across modern industries, driving the demand for passive icephobic surfaces that combine zero energy consumption with operational reliability. However, existing icephobic materials often fail to achieve a practical balance between low ice adhesion, mechanical robustness, and long-term durability. Based on the proposed synergistic design strategy for multi-scale interfacial stress manipulation and mitigating performance degradation, this study has developed multi-scale icephobic composites (MIC) by incorporating functionalised nanoparticles, oil-swelled elastic polymers, and microporous fibrous frameworks, effectively addressing the performance trade-offs encountered in conventional approaches. The microporous fibrous framework enhances tensile strength by a factor of 32 compared to traditional slippery icephobic polymers. Through hybrid effects of nanoparticles and the microporous structure, interfacial stress distribution is manipulated across both micro- and nanoscale levels, maintaining ice adhesion strength below 4.3&#xa0;kPa while resolving the inherent conflict between icephobicity and mechanical strength. Molecular-level investigation, combined with systematic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, verifies improved durability arising from the multi-scale depletion-inhibition mechanism, which consists of molecular interpenetration/adsorption among hydrophobic/oleophilic groups, nanoparticles, oil molecules, and polymer chains, alongside suppressed deformation of the microporous framework. This study presents a feasible design strategy for high-performance icephobic materials, offering valuable insights for practical applications and advancing the fundamental understanding of ice/solid interfaces.</p>

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Multi-scale synergistic manipulation strategy for advanced icephobic composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Deyu Yang,
  • Xinyu Fan,
  • Jingtong Li,
  • Yunzhou Lin,
  • Xiaoyan Tian,
  • Jie Fei,
  • Daheng Wu,
  • Hejun Li,
  • Xianghui Hou

摘要

Ice accretion poses significant challenges across modern industries, driving the demand for passive icephobic surfaces that combine zero energy consumption with operational reliability. However, existing icephobic materials often fail to achieve a practical balance between low ice adhesion, mechanical robustness, and long-term durability. Based on the proposed synergistic design strategy for multi-scale interfacial stress manipulation and mitigating performance degradation, this study has developed multi-scale icephobic composites (MIC) by incorporating functionalised nanoparticles, oil-swelled elastic polymers, and microporous fibrous frameworks, effectively addressing the performance trade-offs encountered in conventional approaches. The microporous fibrous framework enhances tensile strength by a factor of 32 compared to traditional slippery icephobic polymers. Through hybrid effects of nanoparticles and the microporous structure, interfacial stress distribution is manipulated across both micro- and nanoscale levels, maintaining ice adhesion strength below 4.3 kPa while resolving the inherent conflict between icephobicity and mechanical strength. Molecular-level investigation, combined with systematic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, verifies improved durability arising from the multi-scale depletion-inhibition mechanism, which consists of molecular interpenetration/adsorption among hydrophobic/oleophilic groups, nanoparticles, oil molecules, and polymer chains, alongside suppressed deformation of the microporous framework. This study presents a feasible design strategy for high-performance icephobic materials, offering valuable insights for practical applications and advancing the fundamental understanding of ice/solid interfaces.