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<p>Cobalt-tin hydroxides (CTH) is an encouraging electrocatalyst towards electrochemical detection but faces drawback such as low conductivity and particle aggregation. This work reveals a nitrogen-rich polymeric carbon nitride integrated hybrid (CTH/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub>) on SPCE developed to overcome these difficulties and improves the electrochemical sensing of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The emerging of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> introduces generous nitrogen defect sites and a conjugated framework that enhances charge transport, prevents CTH aggregation, and increases active-site availabilities. Structural and electrochemical evaluations like XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, EIS and CV reveals strong CTH/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> interfacial coupling, enabling accelerated electron-transfer kinetics and improved electrocatalytic activity. The CTH/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> modified SPCE demonstrates excellent analytical performance, achieving a low detection limit of 0.0031 µM and a wide linear range of 0.02–2186 µM toward BHA. Practical feasibility was verified using potato chips and peanut oil, yielding adequate recovery results in complex matrices. Overall, the CTH/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> hybrid electrode offers a stable, sensitive, and efficient platform for antioxidant monitoring and broader electrochemical sensing applications.</p>

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Shape-driven cubic CTH/N-rich 2D polymeric composite strips for rapid and high-sensitive electrochemical detection of BHA

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Nirmal Kumar Sakthivel,
  • Perumal Murugesan,
  • Mani Govindasamy,
  • Mohamed A. Habila

摘要

Cobalt-tin hydroxides (CTH) is an encouraging electrocatalyst towards electrochemical detection but faces drawback such as low conductivity and particle aggregation. This work reveals a nitrogen-rich polymeric carbon nitride integrated hybrid (CTH/g-C3N5) on SPCE developed to overcome these difficulties and improves the electrochemical sensing of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The emerging of g-C3N5 introduces generous nitrogen defect sites and a conjugated framework that enhances charge transport, prevents CTH aggregation, and increases active-site availabilities. Structural and electrochemical evaluations like XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, EIS and CV reveals strong CTH/g-C3N5 interfacial coupling, enabling accelerated electron-transfer kinetics and improved electrocatalytic activity. The CTH/g-C3N5 modified SPCE demonstrates excellent analytical performance, achieving a low detection limit of 0.0031 µM and a wide linear range of 0.02–2186 µM toward BHA. Practical feasibility was verified using potato chips and peanut oil, yielding adequate recovery results in complex matrices. Overall, the CTH/g-C3N5 hybrid electrode offers a stable, sensitive, and efficient platform for antioxidant monitoring and broader electrochemical sensing applications.