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<p>The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for the sustainable utilization of metal resources. However, challenges such as range anxiety hinder its widespread adoption, thereby driving the pursuit of next-generation energy storage systems with higher energy densities. In this study, we report the development of a trifunctional electrocatalyst, URCA-800, derived from recycled carbon black obtained from ternary LIB cathode materials. The activation process involved vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation in the presence of melamine as a nitrogen source, enabling effective N-doping and structural modification. Following calcination at 800&#xa0;°C, the resulting URCA-800 catalyst exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and iodine reduction reaction (IRR). Specifically, URCA-800 achieved an ORR half-wave potential of 0.80&#xa0;V (vs. RHE) and an OER overpotential of 363 mV at a current density of 10&#xa0;mA cm<sup>− 2</sup> in 0.1&#xa0;mol L<sup>− 1</sup> KOH, comparable to the performance of commercial Pt/C and IrO<sub>2</sub> catalysts. When applied as a cathode in zinc-air batteries, URCA-800 delivered a high-power density of 196 mW cm<sup>− 2</sup> and demonstrated excellent operational stability exceeding 400&#xa0;h. Furthermore, in zinc-iodine batteries, it achieved a high specific capacity of 188.8 mAh g<sup>− 1</sup>, an impressive iodine utilization efficiency of 89.6%, and outstanding cycling stability over 3,400 cycles. This work presents a scalable and environmentally friendly approach to convert battery waste into high-performance, multifunctional electrocatalysts, offering a promising pathway for advanced energy storage technologies.</p>

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Modulating ORR/OER/IRR trifunctional catalysis via ultraviolet activation of recycled carbon black for lithium-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Zengyong Liu,
  • Yimin Chen,
  • Xiangqun Zhuge,
  • Yaming Pang,
  • Jianwei Lu,
  • Kun Luo,
  • Tong Liu,
  • Wenjun Liu,
  • Zhihong Luo,
  • Yurong Ren,
  • Dingren Zhou,
  • Weiwei Lei,
  • Dan Liu,
  • Aijing Ma

摘要

The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for the sustainable utilization of metal resources. However, challenges such as range anxiety hinder its widespread adoption, thereby driving the pursuit of next-generation energy storage systems with higher energy densities. In this study, we report the development of a trifunctional electrocatalyst, URCA-800, derived from recycled carbon black obtained from ternary LIB cathode materials. The activation process involved vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation in the presence of melamine as a nitrogen source, enabling effective N-doping and structural modification. Following calcination at 800 °C, the resulting URCA-800 catalyst exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and iodine reduction reaction (IRR). Specifically, URCA-800 achieved an ORR half-wave potential of 0.80 V (vs. RHE) and an OER overpotential of 363 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm− 2 in 0.1 mol L− 1 KOH, comparable to the performance of commercial Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts. When applied as a cathode in zinc-air batteries, URCA-800 delivered a high-power density of 196 mW cm− 2 and demonstrated excellent operational stability exceeding 400 h. Furthermore, in zinc-iodine batteries, it achieved a high specific capacity of 188.8 mAh g− 1, an impressive iodine utilization efficiency of 89.6%, and outstanding cycling stability over 3,400 cycles. This work presents a scalable and environmentally friendly approach to convert battery waste into high-performance, multifunctional electrocatalysts, offering a promising pathway for advanced energy storage technologies.