Abstract <p>Owing to the extensive usage of information technology, serious electromagnetic (EM) radiation pollutions are caused. Hence, investigating high-performance microwave absorption materials is crucial to dealing with the severe EM radiation problem. MXene, a novel 2D material, attracts extensive attention in EM fields due to its remarkable specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and high electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, various MXene-based nanocomposites with different components and morphologies were fabricated as efficient microwave absorbers. In this study, the theories of microwave absorption and the MXene fabrication methods were summarized, and recent advancements in MXene-based absorbers were comparatively discussed with detailed examples, especially, some newly emerged Mene-based composites including MXene/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived composites and MXene/layered double hydroxides (LDHs) composites. The vital shortcomings of MXene-based nanocomposites for microwave absorption are disclosed, and the prospects have been proposed for synthesizing MXene-based microwave absorbers with multiple innovative applications. This review guides the structure and component design as effective absorbers.</p> Graphical abstract <p>This review summarized the most recent advancements of MXene-based composites for microwave absorption.</p>