Green technologies and inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: transmission channels
摘要
This study investigates the role of green technologies in fostering inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region facing persistent energy poverty, income inequality, and structural development challenges. The research aims to evaluate whether green technological innovation contributes to inclusive economic outcomes and to identify the transmission channels through which its socioeconomic effects materialize. Using panel data for 28 countries over the period 2010–2022, the analysis applies a dynamic panel System Generalized Method of Moments estimator to address endogeneity, country heterogeneity, and growth persistence. The findings reveal that green technologies alone have a limited direct impact on inclusive growth. However, their effects become significant when reinforced by complementary transmission channels, notably renewable energy expansion, improved electricity access, and foreign direct investment inflows. Interaction results indicate that these factors amplify the socioeconomic spillovers of green innovation by enhancing energy availability, supporting productive activities, and facilitating technology transfer. The study further highlights the importance of institutional quality and macroeconomic stability in maximizing outcomes. Overall, the results suggest that integrated energy and investment policies are essential to fully harness green technologies for inclusive and sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa.