Membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated domestic wastewater for the sono-electrolytic production of hydrogen: an experimental study of membraneless and membrane configurations
摘要
Over the past century, global water consumption has exceeded population growth and two-thirds of the world faces water scarcity. To ensure a beneficial transition to a hydrogen economy, hydrogen production should be based on non-conventional water sources such as e.g. wastewater and it requires access to renewable sources of electricity. The present study evaluated the potential benefits of hydrogen production from membrane bioreactor (MBR) treated wastewater using ultrasound assisted electrolysis. The MBR achieved 93% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reduced total organic carbon (TOC) by 97%. However, despite these significant achievements, additional treatment steps are required to meet the stringent ASTM Type II limits for H2 production. The integration of continuous indirect sonication improved the energy conversion efficiency and hydrogen production kinetics only in the case of membrane-less electrolysis. In addition, gas chromatographic analysis revealed hydrogen gas purity of approximately 85–86% from both membraneless and membrane-based electrolysis. Though O2/H2 ratio remained just below safety limits, further purification technologies is necessary to meet the stringent requirements of specific industrial applications.