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<p>This study assesses groundwater quality and irrigation suitability in the Bouhmama plain, northeastern Algeria, a semi-arid agricultural region, by analyzing 40 groundwater samples collected during the 2022 wet season. Key parameters measured include pH (6.12–7.54) and electrical conductivity (740–6440 μS/cm), indicating a wide salinity range that is predominantly suitable for irrigation, except for three high-salinity samples. Hydrochemical facies identified by the Piper diagram include calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, and sodium chloride types, reflecting mineral dissolution and anthropogenic impacts. Irrigation-quality indices showed sodium percentages ranging from 13.68 to 69.28, Sodium Absorption Ratios from 0.99 to 14.34, and Permeability Indices between 24.84 and 72.47. According to the Wilcox classification, 77.5% of the samples are of good quality, 7.5% are excellent, while 15% are poor due to salinization. According to the Richards diagram, 72.5% of the water samples qualify as suitable for salt-tolerant crops when salinity is managed appropriately. In contrast, 12.5% prove unsuitable owing to high salinity levels, another 12.5% show notably elevated salinity, and 2.5% are reserved for irrigating particularly salt-resistant crops. Multivariate analysis confirmed that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by natural processes and influenced by agricultural pollution. Spatial variability reflected the combined effect of geological lithology and human activities. The findings emphasized the necessity of targeted groundwater management and sustainable agricultural practices to prevent the impacts of salinization and protect this crucial resource for long-term irrigation sustainability under semi-arid conditions.</p>

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Evaluation of groundwater quality and its implications for irrigation sustainability in the Bouhmama plain, Northeastern Algeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • C. Berkani,
  • M. Boulabeiz,
  • N. Dali,
  • S. Lakhdari

摘要

This study assesses groundwater quality and irrigation suitability in the Bouhmama plain, northeastern Algeria, a semi-arid agricultural region, by analyzing 40 groundwater samples collected during the 2022 wet season. Key parameters measured include pH (6.12–7.54) and electrical conductivity (740–6440 μS/cm), indicating a wide salinity range that is predominantly suitable for irrigation, except for three high-salinity samples. Hydrochemical facies identified by the Piper diagram include calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, and sodium chloride types, reflecting mineral dissolution and anthropogenic impacts. Irrigation-quality indices showed sodium percentages ranging from 13.68 to 69.28, Sodium Absorption Ratios from 0.99 to 14.34, and Permeability Indices between 24.84 and 72.47. According to the Wilcox classification, 77.5% of the samples are of good quality, 7.5% are excellent, while 15% are poor due to salinization. According to the Richards diagram, 72.5% of the water samples qualify as suitable for salt-tolerant crops when salinity is managed appropriately. In contrast, 12.5% prove unsuitable owing to high salinity levels, another 12.5% show notably elevated salinity, and 2.5% are reserved for irrigating particularly salt-resistant crops. Multivariate analysis confirmed that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by natural processes and influenced by agricultural pollution. Spatial variability reflected the combined effect of geological lithology and human activities. The findings emphasized the necessity of targeted groundwater management and sustainable agricultural practices to prevent the impacts of salinization and protect this crucial resource for long-term irrigation sustainability under semi-arid conditions.