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<p>Access to clean water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in off-grid regions where conventional purification systems are energy-intensive or impractical. While solar stills offer a sustainable solution, their widespread adoption is limited by low efficiency,&#xa0;lack of real-time monitoring, and&#xa0;climate-dependent performance; issues inadequately addressed in prior studies. This work bridges these gaps by developing a&#xa0;hemispherical solar still (HSS) integrated with Peltier modules and river rocks, augmented by IoT-based sensors for real-time control. The study systematically evaluates four configurations; HSS, Hemispherical Solar Still-River Rock (HSSRR), Hemispherical Solar Still-Peltier (HSSP), Hemispherical Solar Still- River Rock-Peltier (HSSRRP) to quantify the synergistic effects of active heating and thermal mass storage on evaporation rates. Results demonstrate that the HSSRRP design achieves a 390% increase in water output&#xa0;(108&#xa0;mL/day) compared to baseline, while maintaining safe pH levels (7.25) through automated monitoring. Crucially, the work addresses scalability barriers by analyzing climate adaptability and user-friendly interfaces for non-technical operators. These advancements position the system as a viable, efficient solution for decentralized water purification, particularly in Sunbelt regions.</p>

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Optimizing solar still performance: the synergistic effects of river rocks and Peltier modules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • A. Md Yusop,
  • M. F. Norhisham,
  • M. H. Zakaria,
  • N. A. Sulaiman,
  • K. N. Khamil,
  • J. Mohd Sultan,
  • A. S. Mohd Isira

摘要

Access to clean water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in off-grid regions where conventional purification systems are energy-intensive or impractical. While solar stills offer a sustainable solution, their widespread adoption is limited by low efficiency, lack of real-time monitoring, and climate-dependent performance; issues inadequately addressed in prior studies. This work bridges these gaps by developing a hemispherical solar still (HSS) integrated with Peltier modules and river rocks, augmented by IoT-based sensors for real-time control. The study systematically evaluates four configurations; HSS, Hemispherical Solar Still-River Rock (HSSRR), Hemispherical Solar Still-Peltier (HSSP), Hemispherical Solar Still- River Rock-Peltier (HSSRRP) to quantify the synergistic effects of active heating and thermal mass storage on evaporation rates. Results demonstrate that the HSSRRP design achieves a 390% increase in water output (108 mL/day) compared to baseline, while maintaining safe pH levels (7.25) through automated monitoring. Crucially, the work addresses scalability barriers by analyzing climate adaptability and user-friendly interfaces for non-technical operators. These advancements position the system as a viable, efficient solution for decentralized water purification, particularly in Sunbelt regions.