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<p>Energy transition is a key global objective in the roadmap toward net-zero emissions. This study develops a system of urban energy transition indicators and a corresponding evaluation framework using an expert-based composite indicator method for cities/countries with high solar energy potential and limited land availability, with a case study in Ho Chi Minh City. This indicator system supports comprehensive transition planning and serves as a practical tool for policymakers and energy planners in promoting sustainable development for large cities, while also enhancing the potential of rooftop solar energy. Application results in Ho Chi Minh City reveal modest achievements: renewable energy accounts for just 3.75% of total energy supply, 3.16% of electricity consumption, while rooftop solar installation rate reached only 0.51%, well below national targets and benchmarks set in Vietnam’s Power Development Plan VIII. Nevertheless, the city holds strong potential for renewable energy development thanks to favorable solar radiation conditions, a large volume of household waste (over 9500 tons/day), and an ongoing 6,000&#xa0;MW offshore wind project. Regarding CO₂ emissions reduction from fossil fuels, the city achieved only 8.51%, lagging behind the strong commitments made by several ASEAN countries. Without decisive action, particularly increasing the share of renewables and reducing fossil fuel-powered vehicles, Ho Chi Minh City risks missing its energy and climate goals. In terms of energy saving, the city has reached 2.59% in 2024, marking a 22.85% increase from 2023. The integrated energy-saving and smart lighting system reached 38.29%, a relatively strong result. Meanwhile, the electricity loss rate stood at 2.98%, reflecting effective grid management. Continued improvements in energy efficiency and the adoption of advanced technologies remain crucial for the city’s sustainable transition.</p>

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Urban energy transition indicators: framework development and case study in Ho Chi Minh City

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • P. H. Cuong,
  • T. T. Bao,
  • N. L. Phuong,
  • T. T. Kim

摘要

Energy transition is a key global objective in the roadmap toward net-zero emissions. This study develops a system of urban energy transition indicators and a corresponding evaluation framework using an expert-based composite indicator method for cities/countries with high solar energy potential and limited land availability, with a case study in Ho Chi Minh City. This indicator system supports comprehensive transition planning and serves as a practical tool for policymakers and energy planners in promoting sustainable development for large cities, while also enhancing the potential of rooftop solar energy. Application results in Ho Chi Minh City reveal modest achievements: renewable energy accounts for just 3.75% of total energy supply, 3.16% of electricity consumption, while rooftop solar installation rate reached only 0.51%, well below national targets and benchmarks set in Vietnam’s Power Development Plan VIII. Nevertheless, the city holds strong potential for renewable energy development thanks to favorable solar radiation conditions, a large volume of household waste (over 9500 tons/day), and an ongoing 6,000 MW offshore wind project. Regarding CO₂ emissions reduction from fossil fuels, the city achieved only 8.51%, lagging behind the strong commitments made by several ASEAN countries. Without decisive action, particularly increasing the share of renewables and reducing fossil fuel-powered vehicles, Ho Chi Minh City risks missing its energy and climate goals. In terms of energy saving, the city has reached 2.59% in 2024, marking a 22.85% increase from 2023. The integrated energy-saving and smart lighting system reached 38.29%, a relatively strong result. Meanwhile, the electricity loss rate stood at 2.98%, reflecting effective grid management. Continued improvements in energy efficiency and the adoption of advanced technologies remain crucial for the city’s sustainable transition.