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<p>Soil erosion poses a significant threat to the sustainability of watersheds and ecosystems globally. The Brahmaputra River Basin in Assam experiences extensive soil erosion, impacting land productivity and ecological balance. Hence, this study aims to examine the dynamic trends in soil erosion within the Brahmaputra River Basin in Assam over different years (2003, 2013, and 2023) by utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) maps with a 30-m resolution for 2003, 2013, and 2023 were generated from satellite imagery using the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) technique. The results reveal significant land cover changes, characterized by a consistent decline in vegetation and bare land, which have been increasingly replaced by expanding settlement areas and water bodies. Cropland increased from 2003 to 2013 but declined by 2023 due to rapid urban expansion. Soil erosion, Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR), and Sediment yield are calculated at 30-m resolution with the help of the RUSLE model. Soil erosion rates ranged from 0 to 12,829.4 t/ha/year in 2003, 0 to 12,304.9 t/ha/year in 2013, and 0 to 12,192.8 t/ha/year in 2023. Vulnerability analysis identified the lower and upper regions, dominated by cropland and bare land, as most prone to erosion. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) was computed to assess sediment dynamics, ranging from 0 to 1, indicating sediment movement potential. Sediment yield values range from 0 to 778.4 tonnes in 2003, 600.8 tonnes in 2013, and 1106.2 tonnes in 2023, underscoring increasing sediment transport. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted soil conservation measures in erosion hotspots. Recommendations include reforestation, contour farming, construction of erosion control structures, sustainable land-use planning, and community-based conservation programs. These measures aim to reduce soil loss, enhance sediment retention, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the watershed and its ecosystems, offering key guidance for managing soil erosion in the Brahmaputra River Basin. </p>

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Assessment of soil erosion in the Brahmaputra river basin in Assam using the RUSLE model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月14日

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  • S. Haile,
  • S. A. Pathan,
  • M. Ronghang

摘要

Soil erosion poses a significant threat to the sustainability of watersheds and ecosystems globally. The Brahmaputra River Basin in Assam experiences extensive soil erosion, impacting land productivity and ecological balance. Hence, this study aims to examine the dynamic trends in soil erosion within the Brahmaputra River Basin in Assam over different years (2003, 2013, and 2023) by utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) maps with a 30-m resolution for 2003, 2013, and 2023 were generated from satellite imagery using the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) technique. The results reveal significant land cover changes, characterized by a consistent decline in vegetation and bare land, which have been increasingly replaced by expanding settlement areas and water bodies. Cropland increased from 2003 to 2013 but declined by 2023 due to rapid urban expansion. Soil erosion, Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR), and Sediment yield are calculated at 30-m resolution with the help of the RUSLE model. Soil erosion rates ranged from 0 to 12,829.4 t/ha/year in 2003, 0 to 12,304.9 t/ha/year in 2013, and 0 to 12,192.8 t/ha/year in 2023. Vulnerability analysis identified the lower and upper regions, dominated by cropland and bare land, as most prone to erosion. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) was computed to assess sediment dynamics, ranging from 0 to 1, indicating sediment movement potential. Sediment yield values range from 0 to 778.4 tonnes in 2003, 600.8 tonnes in 2013, and 1106.2 tonnes in 2023, underscoring increasing sediment transport. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted soil conservation measures in erosion hotspots. Recommendations include reforestation, contour farming, construction of erosion control structures, sustainable land-use planning, and community-based conservation programs. These measures aim to reduce soil loss, enhance sediment retention, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the watershed and its ecosystems, offering key guidance for managing soil erosion in the Brahmaputra River Basin.