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<p>One of the rivers in the Gamo Zone is the Kulfo River, which empties into Chamo Lake. Most people use river water for recreational and agricultural purposes. However, a combination of human and natural factors, including farming practices, weathering, wastewater discharge, and rock-water interactions, are degrading the river water quality. The present research made an attempt to investigate the pollution status of river water by Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) and identify the potential pollution sources using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Consequently, the Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) value ranged from (6.2–10.2), indicating that the pollution status during the rainy season was in the severely polluted category. In contrast, there was a range in the pollution levels during the Belg season, from moderately polluted (1.96) to severely polluted (4.07). Conversely, according to Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), both sampling events’ pollution levels were in the high pollution class, with values ranging from (100.8 to 930). The principal component analysis identifies two components (PC1 and PC2) for rainy (68.32% and 31.63%) and Belg season (75.157% and 24.82%) from the total variance. So, in addition to natural processes like soil erosion and rock weathering, the most likely sources of pollution are inflow of residential and commercial waste, leachate, and agricultural wastes. Therefore, to reduce pollution in the Kulfo River, integrated waste water and watershed management is crucial.</p>

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Evaluation of water quality status and pollution source apportionment of Kulfo River adjacent to Arba Minch town

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • B. Chanyalew,
  • T. Kasa,
  • Z. Wondimu,
  • D. Beyene

摘要

One of the rivers in the Gamo Zone is the Kulfo River, which empties into Chamo Lake. Most people use river water for recreational and agricultural purposes. However, a combination of human and natural factors, including farming practices, weathering, wastewater discharge, and rock-water interactions, are degrading the river water quality. The present research made an attempt to investigate the pollution status of river water by Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) and identify the potential pollution sources using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Consequently, the Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) value ranged from (6.2–10.2), indicating that the pollution status during the rainy season was in the severely polluted category. In contrast, there was a range in the pollution levels during the Belg season, from moderately polluted (1.96) to severely polluted (4.07). Conversely, according to Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), both sampling events’ pollution levels were in the high pollution class, with values ranging from (100.8 to 930). The principal component analysis identifies two components (PC1 and PC2) for rainy (68.32% and 31.63%) and Belg season (75.157% and 24.82%) from the total variance. So, in addition to natural processes like soil erosion and rock weathering, the most likely sources of pollution are inflow of residential and commercial waste, leachate, and agricultural wastes. Therefore, to reduce pollution in the Kulfo River, integrated waste water and watershed management is crucial.