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<p>Deflection-hardening fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites (DHFRGCs) reinforced by a hybrid steel-PVA fiber system and based on a sustainable steel slag-metakaolin binder remain largely unexplored. This study was devoted to developing these composites and evaluating their mechanical behavior. In this study, a series of standard laboratory tests was conducted on composites reinforced with various mono-and hybrid fiber levels. In addition, a single-crack tension test was performed to interpret the fiber-bridging mechanisms of the composites. The results revealed that flowability was significantly affected by PVA fibers but tended to stabilize with the inclusion of steel fibers. The compressive and flexural strengths improved by 48% and 5-fold, respectively, when the mono-PVA reinforced DHFRGC was hybridized with steel fibers. In addition, the hybridization with 2% PVA and 0.5% steel fibers yielded a deflection capacity of 8.35&#xa0;mm, about 12% higher than that of the mono-PVA reinforced DHFRGC. Increasing the steel fibers further reduced the deflection capacity to 4.7&#xa0;mm, eventually reaching 2.34&#xa0;mm for the mono-steel reinforced DHFRGC. The results exhibited that the fiber-bridging complementary energy is inversely consistent with the toughness of the DHFRGCs. Moreover, the PVA fibers dominated the complementary energy exhibited by fiber bridging. In contrast, the steel fibers dominated the peak fiber-bridging strength, with limited contribution to the fiber-bridging complementary energy. Overall, the results indicate that hybrid-DHFRGC mixtures achieved a favorable balance between strength and energy absorption, while preserving adequate deflection-hardening capacity.</p>

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Development of deflection-hardening fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites with sustainable matrix mortar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Ahmed Daham Mohammad,
  • Dillshad Khidhir Bzeni

摘要

Deflection-hardening fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites (DHFRGCs) reinforced by a hybrid steel-PVA fiber system and based on a sustainable steel slag-metakaolin binder remain largely unexplored. This study was devoted to developing these composites and evaluating their mechanical behavior. In this study, a series of standard laboratory tests was conducted on composites reinforced with various mono-and hybrid fiber levels. In addition, a single-crack tension test was performed to interpret the fiber-bridging mechanisms of the composites. The results revealed that flowability was significantly affected by PVA fibers but tended to stabilize with the inclusion of steel fibers. The compressive and flexural strengths improved by 48% and 5-fold, respectively, when the mono-PVA reinforced DHFRGC was hybridized with steel fibers. In addition, the hybridization with 2% PVA and 0.5% steel fibers yielded a deflection capacity of 8.35 mm, about 12% higher than that of the mono-PVA reinforced DHFRGC. Increasing the steel fibers further reduced the deflection capacity to 4.7 mm, eventually reaching 2.34 mm for the mono-steel reinforced DHFRGC. The results exhibited that the fiber-bridging complementary energy is inversely consistent with the toughness of the DHFRGCs. Moreover, the PVA fibers dominated the complementary energy exhibited by fiber bridging. In contrast, the steel fibers dominated the peak fiber-bridging strength, with limited contribution to the fiber-bridging complementary energy. Overall, the results indicate that hybrid-DHFRGC mixtures achieved a favorable balance between strength and energy absorption, while preserving adequate deflection-hardening capacity.