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<p>This study presents a comparative experimental and numerical investigation into the structural behavior of tapered trapezoidal web (TW) and flat web (FW) steel girders under three-point loading. Six girders with varying web depths (400–800 mm) were tested to assess ultimate load capacities, deflection characteristics, and failure modes. Experimental results demonstrate that TW girders exhibit superior load-bearing performance; for instance, the TW400 specimen achieves an 80% higher ultimate load capacity (486 kN) compared to its flat web counterpart (270 kN). Vertical deflection-to-load ratios improved by 15–25% for TW configurations, highlighting their enhanced stiffness. Finite element (FE) models, validated against experimental data with 1–6% discrepancy, were employed to conduct a parametric study on flange inclination angles (5°–20°). Results indicate a near-linear improvement in shear resistance with increasing inclination, peaking at 14°, beyond which fabrication costs outweigh marginal gains (per (American Institute of Steel Construction, Steel Construction Manual, American Institute of Steel Construction, 2023) guidelines). Failure modes, including interactive buckling in TW400 and global buckling in TW800, were linked to stress redistribution mechanisms enabled by trapezoidal web geometry. The study concludes that tapered trapezoidal girders offer significant advantages in load capacity and ductility, particularly for applications such as short-span bridges where high strength-to-weight ratios are critical. These findings provide actionable insights for optimizing girder design while balancing structural efficiency and economic feasibility.</p>

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Comparative experimental study of tapered trapezoidal and flat web steel girders under three-point loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月8日

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  • Bayrak Shawqi Almuhsin,
  • Ghzwan Ghanim Jumah,
  • Wael Shawky Abdulsahib

摘要

This study presents a comparative experimental and numerical investigation into the structural behavior of tapered trapezoidal web (TW) and flat web (FW) steel girders under three-point loading. Six girders with varying web depths (400–800 mm) were tested to assess ultimate load capacities, deflection characteristics, and failure modes. Experimental results demonstrate that TW girders exhibit superior load-bearing performance; for instance, the TW400 specimen achieves an 80% higher ultimate load capacity (486 kN) compared to its flat web counterpart (270 kN). Vertical deflection-to-load ratios improved by 15–25% for TW configurations, highlighting their enhanced stiffness. Finite element (FE) models, validated against experimental data with 1–6% discrepancy, were employed to conduct a parametric study on flange inclination angles (5°–20°). Results indicate a near-linear improvement in shear resistance with increasing inclination, peaking at 14°, beyond which fabrication costs outweigh marginal gains (per (American Institute of Steel Construction, Steel Construction Manual, American Institute of Steel Construction, 2023) guidelines). Failure modes, including interactive buckling in TW400 and global buckling in TW800, were linked to stress redistribution mechanisms enabled by trapezoidal web geometry. The study concludes that tapered trapezoidal girders offer significant advantages in load capacity and ductility, particularly for applications such as short-span bridges where high strength-to-weight ratios are critical. These findings provide actionable insights for optimizing girder design while balancing structural efficiency and economic feasibility.