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<p>Improving both grain yield and quality in wheat is challenging due to genotype × environment interactions and inherent trade-offs between productivity and quality traits. This study evaluated 18 winter wheat genotypes across four locations in Croatia (Osijek, Tovarnik, Kutjevo, and Zagreb) over two growing seasons. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) effects of genotype, location, growing season, and their interactions almost for all evaluated traits, confirming substantial genetic variability and strong environmental influence. Grain yield and lodging were highly affected by environmental conditions, whereas test weight and starch content were comparatively more stable. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 73.4% of total variation, with PC1 (45.3%) associated mainly with grain quality traits (protein content, gluten content, sedimentation value) and PC2 (28.1%) with agronomic traits (grain yield, plant height, starch content). A negative association between garin yield and quality traits and strong positive relationships among quality parameters were observed. Cluster analysis differentiated genotypes into groups with either higher grain yield and moderate quality or superior grain quality and moderate grain yield, while Kraljica and Viktorija formed a distinct cluster. These results provide a quantitative basis for wheat breeding and variety evaluation aimed at optimizing yield–quality balance.</p>

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Evaluation of DUS and VCU Traits in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Across Multiple Locations and Seasons

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Valentina Spanic,
  • Jurica Primorac,
  • Ivan Varnica,
  • Goran Jukic,
  • Luka Drenjancevic

摘要

Improving both grain yield and quality in wheat is challenging due to genotype × environment interactions and inherent trade-offs between productivity and quality traits. This study evaluated 18 winter wheat genotypes across four locations in Croatia (Osijek, Tovarnik, Kutjevo, and Zagreb) over two growing seasons. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant (p < 0.001) effects of genotype, location, growing season, and their interactions almost for all evaluated traits, confirming substantial genetic variability and strong environmental influence. Grain yield and lodging were highly affected by environmental conditions, whereas test weight and starch content were comparatively more stable. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 73.4% of total variation, with PC1 (45.3%) associated mainly with grain quality traits (protein content, gluten content, sedimentation value) and PC2 (28.1%) with agronomic traits (grain yield, plant height, starch content). A negative association between garin yield and quality traits and strong positive relationships among quality parameters were observed. Cluster analysis differentiated genotypes into groups with either higher grain yield and moderate quality or superior grain quality and moderate grain yield, while Kraljica and Viktorija formed a distinct cluster. These results provide a quantitative basis for wheat breeding and variety evaluation aimed at optimizing yield–quality balance.