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<p>This study uniquely examines the combined effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and contrasting climatic conditions on radiation use efficiency (RUE), light extinction coefficient (<i>k</i>), and yield in different bean types (White, Red, and Pinto) to provide novel insights for sustainable water management in arid and semi-humid regions. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2017 and 2018) at each location, employing a split-plot design with DI levels (100% (DI<sub>0</sub>), 75% (DI<sub>25</sub>), and 50% (DI<sub>50</sub>) of water requirements) as the main plot and types of bean as the subplot. Findings indicate that DI significantly influenced the leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and RUE, with effects varying by location and bean type. The highest LAI, TDM, and RUE across all growth stages were recorded under DI<sub>0</sub> for Red beans in the semi-humid climate. The <i>k</i> varied significantly with climate, irrigation level, and bean type. In the arid climate, <i>k</i> ranged from 0.76 to 0.68, while in the semi-humid climate, it was lower, ranging from 0.63 to 0.54 (38–94 days after planting, DAP). Under DI₀, <i>k</i> values ranged between 0.65 and 0.58, whereas more severe DI (DI₂₅ and DI₅₀) resulted in higher <i>k</i> values, reaching up to 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. Among the types of bean, Pinto beans exhibited the highest <i>k</i> values, ranging from 0.77 at 38 DAP to 0.69 at 94 DAP. Seed yield (SY), biological yield (BY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly influenced by climate conditions and the interaction of irrigation and bean type. The semi-humid climate yielded the highest values for SY, BY, and HI. Red beans exhibited the highest SY (2238.30&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹) and BY (6133.81&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹) under DI₀. The DI₂₅ treatment maintained a high seed yield with only a 6.83% reduction, demonstrating a notable 25% water saving and positioning it as a highly efficient irrigation strategy. The highest RUE was observed in Red beans under DI₀ (2.22&#xa0;g MJ⁻¹), with RUE remaining exceptionally high even under severe DI₅₀ stress (2.15&#xa0;g MJ⁻¹) in the semi-humid climate. The maximum HI was recorded in Pinto beans under both DI₀ (42.89%) and DI₇₅ (41.15%) treatments. These results provide valuable insights into optimizing water management and bean type selection for sustainable yield improvement in water-limited agricultural systems.</p>

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Radiation Use Efficiency and Yield Response of Bean Types to Deficit Irrigation in Arid and Semi-Humid Climates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Zahra Rashidi,
  • Mohammad Bannayan,
  • Khosro Azizi,
  • Mehdi Nassiri-Mahallati

摘要

This study uniquely examines the combined effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and contrasting climatic conditions on radiation use efficiency (RUE), light extinction coefficient (k), and yield in different bean types (White, Red, and Pinto) to provide novel insights for sustainable water management in arid and semi-humid regions. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2017 and 2018) at each location, employing a split-plot design with DI levels (100% (DI0), 75% (DI25), and 50% (DI50) of water requirements) as the main plot and types of bean as the subplot. Findings indicate that DI significantly influenced the leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and RUE, with effects varying by location and bean type. The highest LAI, TDM, and RUE across all growth stages were recorded under DI0 for Red beans in the semi-humid climate. The k varied significantly with climate, irrigation level, and bean type. In the arid climate, k ranged from 0.76 to 0.68, while in the semi-humid climate, it was lower, ranging from 0.63 to 0.54 (38–94 days after planting, DAP). Under DI₀, k values ranged between 0.65 and 0.58, whereas more severe DI (DI₂₅ and DI₅₀) resulted in higher k values, reaching up to 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. Among the types of bean, Pinto beans exhibited the highest k values, ranging from 0.77 at 38 DAP to 0.69 at 94 DAP. Seed yield (SY), biological yield (BY), and harvest index (HI) were significantly influenced by climate conditions and the interaction of irrigation and bean type. The semi-humid climate yielded the highest values for SY, BY, and HI. Red beans exhibited the highest SY (2238.30 kg ha⁻¹) and BY (6133.81 kg ha⁻¹) under DI₀. The DI₂₅ treatment maintained a high seed yield with only a 6.83% reduction, demonstrating a notable 25% water saving and positioning it as a highly efficient irrigation strategy. The highest RUE was observed in Red beans under DI₀ (2.22 g MJ⁻¹), with RUE remaining exceptionally high even under severe DI₅₀ stress (2.15 g MJ⁻¹) in the semi-humid climate. The maximum HI was recorded in Pinto beans under both DI₀ (42.89%) and DI₇₅ (41.15%) treatments. These results provide valuable insights into optimizing water management and bean type selection for sustainable yield improvement in water-limited agricultural systems.