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<p>Climate change continues to pose a significant threat to global food security, with low-temperature stress emerging as a major abiotic constraint on wheat production. A two-year field experiment (2021–2023) was conducted in Mahidasht, Kermanshah Province, Iran, where the minimum soil surface temperature and minimum air temperature reached − 3.9&#xa0;°C and 8&#xa0;°C, respectively. The study assessed the effect of contrasting fertilizer strategies on yield, yield components, and nutrient composition of irrigated wheat under cold stress conditions. Three fertilization regimes were compared: (T1) conventional farmer practice, (T2) soil test-guided chemical fertilization, and (T3) an integrated nutrient management approach combining T2 with biostimulant applications aimed at enhancing cold stress tolerance. The results revealed that T3 significantly outperformed both T1 and T2 in terms of grain yield and nutritional quality. In the first and second growing seasons, T3 increased grain yield by 26.6% and 42.3% compared with T1, and by 11.8% and 14.1% compared with T2, respectively. Notably, phosphorus concentrations in the grain were consistently higher under T3 across both years, with second-year increases of up to 46.7% relative to T1 and 22.2% relative to T2. Enhanced nitrogen content was also observed in the first year. Economic evaluations underscored the profitability and feasibility of the T3 strategy. Overall, this study supports a shift from conventional or singular-nutrient management practices toward holistic, climate-adaptive frameworks that enhance crop resilience and sustainability under abiotic stress conditions.</p>

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Climate-Resilient Wheat Production: Synergizing Soil Testing and Biostimulants for Sustainable Yields Under Cold Stress Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Seyed Majid Mousavi,
  • Fardin Hamedi,
  • Arezu Asgari,
  • Seyed Ali Ghaffari Nejad,
  • Andrew S. Gregory

摘要

Climate change continues to pose a significant threat to global food security, with low-temperature stress emerging as a major abiotic constraint on wheat production. A two-year field experiment (2021–2023) was conducted in Mahidasht, Kermanshah Province, Iran, where the minimum soil surface temperature and minimum air temperature reached − 3.9 °C and 8 °C, respectively. The study assessed the effect of contrasting fertilizer strategies on yield, yield components, and nutrient composition of irrigated wheat under cold stress conditions. Three fertilization regimes were compared: (T1) conventional farmer practice, (T2) soil test-guided chemical fertilization, and (T3) an integrated nutrient management approach combining T2 with biostimulant applications aimed at enhancing cold stress tolerance. The results revealed that T3 significantly outperformed both T1 and T2 in terms of grain yield and nutritional quality. In the first and second growing seasons, T3 increased grain yield by 26.6% and 42.3% compared with T1, and by 11.8% and 14.1% compared with T2, respectively. Notably, phosphorus concentrations in the grain were consistently higher under T3 across both years, with second-year increases of up to 46.7% relative to T1 and 22.2% relative to T2. Enhanced nitrogen content was also observed in the first year. Economic evaluations underscored the profitability and feasibility of the T3 strategy. Overall, this study supports a shift from conventional or singular-nutrient management practices toward holistic, climate-adaptive frameworks that enhance crop resilience and sustainability under abiotic stress conditions.