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<p>Maize is a multi-purpose crop used for human consumption, fodder, animal feed as well as various industrial purposes. It serves as an excellent source of fodder and silage, playing a critical role in bridging India’s 11.24% green and 23.4% dry fodder deficit. Effective weed management is essential to enhance both productivity and forage quality in fodder maize. To address this problem, a field experiment was undertaken from 2017 to 2019 at four major fodder maize growing regions representing diverse agro-climatic zone across India. The experiment consisted of ten treatments with different herbicide and its combinations, including tembotrione at 120&#xa0;g ai/ha, topramezone at 35&#xa0;g ai/ha, atrazine, pendimethalin, 2,4-D and tank mixtures of atrazine with tembotrione, topramezone, and pendimethalin. A weedy check and manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS were also included, and laid out in a randomized block design. During the study, weed composition consisted of 60% broadleaf weeds (BLWs) while narrowleaf weeds (NLWs) and sedges accounted for the remaining 40%. Among the herbicide treatments, overall performance of tank mix (TM) post emergence (PoE) application of topramezone with atrazine at 250&#xa0;g ai/ha recorded the lowest weed density, dry weight and highest Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) with 76.23%, demonstrating its broad spectrum efficacy. This treatment also improved key crop growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, leaf to stem ratio and crude protein content. It resulted in 41.27% and 44.11% higher green forage (GFY) and dry matter yield (DMY) over weedy check having 39.49 t/ha GFY and 9.68 t/ha DMY, respectively. While manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS provided similar yield benefits, it increased cost of cultivation by 17%, thereby reducing net returns by 12.3% compared to the topramezone-atrazine combination. Therefore, for effective weed management and higher yield, post-emergence tank-mix application of topramezone with atrazine at 20 DAS proved most effective across all four locations, with WCE from 60.5 to 87.0%. Tembotrione at 120&#xa0;g ai/ha emerged as a suitable alternative for topramezone with comparable WCE across locations, 60.8% and 66.7%, respectively, which further improved with atrazine tank mix to 70.1% and 76.2%, respectively.</p>

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Weed Management in Fodder Maize Using Herbicides Under Diverse Agro-Climates of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • R. K. Agrawal,
  • Jeetendra Kumar Soni,
  • S. K. Jha,
  • R. V. Kale,
  • Rajesh Kumar,
  • Birendra Kumar,
  • Usha C. Thomas,
  • Subhash Chand,
  • A. K. Roy,
  • A. K. Jha,
  • V. K. Yadav

摘要

Maize is a multi-purpose crop used for human consumption, fodder, animal feed as well as various industrial purposes. It serves as an excellent source of fodder and silage, playing a critical role in bridging India’s 11.24% green and 23.4% dry fodder deficit. Effective weed management is essential to enhance both productivity and forage quality in fodder maize. To address this problem, a field experiment was undertaken from 2017 to 2019 at four major fodder maize growing regions representing diverse agro-climatic zone across India. The experiment consisted of ten treatments with different herbicide and its combinations, including tembotrione at 120 g ai/ha, topramezone at 35 g ai/ha, atrazine, pendimethalin, 2,4-D and tank mixtures of atrazine with tembotrione, topramezone, and pendimethalin. A weedy check and manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS were also included, and laid out in a randomized block design. During the study, weed composition consisted of 60% broadleaf weeds (BLWs) while narrowleaf weeds (NLWs) and sedges accounted for the remaining 40%. Among the herbicide treatments, overall performance of tank mix (TM) post emergence (PoE) application of topramezone with atrazine at 250 g ai/ha recorded the lowest weed density, dry weight and highest Weed Control Efficiency (WCE) with 76.23%, demonstrating its broad spectrum efficacy. This treatment also improved key crop growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, leaf to stem ratio and crude protein content. It resulted in 41.27% and 44.11% higher green forage (GFY) and dry matter yield (DMY) over weedy check having 39.49 t/ha GFY and 9.68 t/ha DMY, respectively. While manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS provided similar yield benefits, it increased cost of cultivation by 17%, thereby reducing net returns by 12.3% compared to the topramezone-atrazine combination. Therefore, for effective weed management and higher yield, post-emergence tank-mix application of topramezone with atrazine at 20 DAS proved most effective across all four locations, with WCE from 60.5 to 87.0%. Tembotrione at 120 g ai/ha emerged as a suitable alternative for topramezone with comparable WCE across locations, 60.8% and 66.7%, respectively, which further improved with atrazine tank mix to 70.1% and 76.2%, respectively.