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<p>Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum L.</i>) is an important oilseed crop with significant nutritional and economic benefits. However, current conventional farming practices often fail to achieve the desired yields. This study aimed to improve the growth, yield, and oil quality of sesame cultivars by optimizing rows spacing and biofertilizer application. A two-year field trial was conducted using a factorial split-split plot design, involving two cultivars (Local Black and Sargodha 212), two levels of biofertilizer application (BM + and BM–) and four row spacings (RS-25, RS-35, RS-45, and RS-55&#xa0;cm). The findings indicate that the interaction among cultivar, biofertilizer, and row spacing (hereafter called RS) significantly improved crop growth rate (CGR) during 0–40 and 40–80 days after sowing (DAS), with RS-45 recording the highest CGR, particularly under BM + treatment for both cultivars (Local Black: 3.3 and 4.9&#xa0;g m⁻² day⁻¹; Sargodha 212: 3.3 and 4.7&#xa0;g m⁻² day⁻¹). No significant differences in plant height were observed among treatments. The RS-45 and RS-55 treatments resulted in the highest biological yields (4225 and 4170&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹) and seed yields (1160 and 1148&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹) under BM + conditions in the Local Back cultivar. Regarding yield components, BM + at RS-45 and RS-55 enhanced branch number (14 and 13), capsule count (35 and 36), seeds per capsule (50 and 47), and thousand seed weight (3.6 and 3.5&#xa0;g). Moreover, protein (26 and 25%) and oil contents (52 and 50%) were improved with BM + at RS-45 and RS-55, particularly for Local Black cultivar. The combination of BM + and RS-45 also increased linoleic and oleic acid contents (50 and 42%), whereas RS-25 resulted in the highest stearic and palmitic acid level (5 and 7%), predominantly in Sargodha 212. Principal component analysis revealed positive relationships among CGR, yield components, protein and oil characteristics, especially in the Local Black cultivar under BM + treatment with narrow row spacing. In contrast, plant height exhibited negative correlation with most attributes, except CGR, palmitic, and stearic acid content. Overall, RS-45 optimized CGR, yield components, and oil quality, particularly under BM + treatments, and the Local Black cultivar demonstrated superior performance across most traits. This study concludes that integrating biofertilizer application with optimal row spacing can significantly enhance sesame yield and quality.</p>

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Growth, Yield, and Oil Quality of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivars Under Varying Row Spacings and Biofertilizer Application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Saddam Hussain,
  • Abdul Qayyum,
  • Amanullah Jan,
  • Muhammad Ilyas,
  • Izaz Ahmad,
  • Uzair Ahmed,
  • Emanuele Radicetti,
  • Adil Mihoub,
  • Aftab Jamal,
  • Yaser Hassan Dewir

摘要

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop with significant nutritional and economic benefits. However, current conventional farming practices often fail to achieve the desired yields. This study aimed to improve the growth, yield, and oil quality of sesame cultivars by optimizing rows spacing and biofertilizer application. A two-year field trial was conducted using a factorial split-split plot design, involving two cultivars (Local Black and Sargodha 212), two levels of biofertilizer application (BM + and BM–) and four row spacings (RS-25, RS-35, RS-45, and RS-55 cm). The findings indicate that the interaction among cultivar, biofertilizer, and row spacing (hereafter called RS) significantly improved crop growth rate (CGR) during 0–40 and 40–80 days after sowing (DAS), with RS-45 recording the highest CGR, particularly under BM + treatment for both cultivars (Local Black: 3.3 and 4.9 g m⁻² day⁻¹; Sargodha 212: 3.3 and 4.7 g m⁻² day⁻¹). No significant differences in plant height were observed among treatments. The RS-45 and RS-55 treatments resulted in the highest biological yields (4225 and 4170 kg ha⁻¹) and seed yields (1160 and 1148 kg ha⁻¹) under BM + conditions in the Local Back cultivar. Regarding yield components, BM + at RS-45 and RS-55 enhanced branch number (14 and 13), capsule count (35 and 36), seeds per capsule (50 and 47), and thousand seed weight (3.6 and 3.5 g). Moreover, protein (26 and 25%) and oil contents (52 and 50%) were improved with BM + at RS-45 and RS-55, particularly for Local Black cultivar. The combination of BM + and RS-45 also increased linoleic and oleic acid contents (50 and 42%), whereas RS-25 resulted in the highest stearic and palmitic acid level (5 and 7%), predominantly in Sargodha 212. Principal component analysis revealed positive relationships among CGR, yield components, protein and oil characteristics, especially in the Local Black cultivar under BM + treatment with narrow row spacing. In contrast, plant height exhibited negative correlation with most attributes, except CGR, palmitic, and stearic acid content. Overall, RS-45 optimized CGR, yield components, and oil quality, particularly under BM + treatments, and the Local Black cultivar demonstrated superior performance across most traits. This study concludes that integrating biofertilizer application with optimal row spacing can significantly enhance sesame yield and quality.