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<p>The study investigated the effects of harvest dates and foliar treatments(Melatonin (Mel), Potassium Nanoparticles (K-NPs), and their combination) on sugar beet yield, quality, and water use efficiency. The goal was to address the disadvantages associated with early harvest. A split-split plot design in a randomized complete block was utilized, with three replications over two crop years. The experiment tested four harvest dates: August 5 (HD1), September 5 (HD2), October 5 (HD3), and November 5 (HD4) as main plots, and the foliar treatments (Mel, K-NPs, Mel + K-NPs, and a control) as subplots. The HD4 harvest date had the highest chlorophyll <i>b</i>, sugar content (SC), alkalinity (Alc), and molasses (MS). All foliar spray treatments significantly surpassed the unsprayed control in the mentioned traits. This experiment recorded the highest chlorophyll <i>a</i> and carotenoid content, stomatal conductance coefficient, root yield (RY), sugar yield (SY), water use efficiency (WUE), and white sugar yield (WSY) at the HD3 harvest date + K-NPs foliar spraying. In addition, Mel foliar application at HD3 matched K-NPs in WUE, carotenoids, and WSY. The results showed that Early harvest (HD1/HD2) with foliar sprays of Mel and K-NPs achieved WSY comparable to unsprayed later harvests (HD2/HD3). In conclusion, foliar Mel and K-NPs can counteract early harvest losses, thereby enhancing WSY and resource efficiency, and offer practical strategies for sugar beet production.</p>

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The Effect of Foliar Spraying of Melatonin and Potassium Nanoparticles on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet and Water Use Efficiency at Different Harvest Dates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Babak Eyvazi,
  • Toraj Mir Mahmoodi,
  • Soran Sharafi,
  • Saman Yazdan Seta,
  • Hamze Hamze

摘要

The study investigated the effects of harvest dates and foliar treatments(Melatonin (Mel), Potassium Nanoparticles (K-NPs), and their combination) on sugar beet yield, quality, and water use efficiency. The goal was to address the disadvantages associated with early harvest. A split-split plot design in a randomized complete block was utilized, with three replications over two crop years. The experiment tested four harvest dates: August 5 (HD1), September 5 (HD2), October 5 (HD3), and November 5 (HD4) as main plots, and the foliar treatments (Mel, K-NPs, Mel + K-NPs, and a control) as subplots. The HD4 harvest date had the highest chlorophyll b, sugar content (SC), alkalinity (Alc), and molasses (MS). All foliar spray treatments significantly surpassed the unsprayed control in the mentioned traits. This experiment recorded the highest chlorophyll a and carotenoid content, stomatal conductance coefficient, root yield (RY), sugar yield (SY), water use efficiency (WUE), and white sugar yield (WSY) at the HD3 harvest date + K-NPs foliar spraying. In addition, Mel foliar application at HD3 matched K-NPs in WUE, carotenoids, and WSY. The results showed that Early harvest (HD1/HD2) with foliar sprays of Mel and K-NPs achieved WSY comparable to unsprayed later harvests (HD2/HD3). In conclusion, foliar Mel and K-NPs can counteract early harvest losses, thereby enhancing WSY and resource efficiency, and offer practical strategies for sugar beet production.