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<p>Previous studies highlight saline-alkali soil remediation via earthworm composting with deep tillage, effectively reducing salinity/sodium while enhancing yield and organic carbon retention. For maize adaptability in arid regions, this study (2022–2023) evaluated two tillage methods—rotary tillage (R) and rotary tillage + subsoiling (R+S), combined with organic substitution treatments (P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>3</sub>) versus inorganic fertilizers (CK). Key findings: (1) R+S P<sub>1</sub> maximized stress resilience: SOD, POD, and PRO levels surpassed CK by 41.89%, 56.95%, and 15.91%, respectively, and exceeded R P<sub>1</sub> by 40.21%, 21.22%, and 16.94%, respectively. MDA content decreased by 38.68% (vs. CK) and 11.37% (vs. R P<sub>1</sub>). Photosynthetically, R+S P<sub>1</sub> elevated the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 23.73% (CK) and 6.01% (R P<sub>1</sub>), while reducing transpiration rate (Tr) by 24.06% and 11.14%, respectively. (2) R+S P<sub>1</sub> yielded 13,663.79&#xa0;kg/ha, outperforming P<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>3</sub>, CK, and R P<sub>1</sub> by 6.39%, 7.90%, 14.67%, and 2.53%, respectively. (3) At the grain-filling stage, SOD, POD, PRO, Pn, kernel number, ear length, and 100-grain weight strongly correlated with yield (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), whereas MDA, Tr, and bald tip length exhibited negative correlations. The integration of R+S tillage with P<sub>1</sub> organic substitution significantly enhanced stress enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield, establishing it as an optimal green cultivation strategy for spring maize in arid regions.</p>

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Effects of Tillage and Substitution of Chemical Fertilizers with Organic Fertilizers on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Guangming Xie,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Xinrong Duan,
  • Linzhuan Song,
  • Mingyuan Fan,
  • Chuangyun Wang,
  • Li Zhao

摘要

Previous studies highlight saline-alkali soil remediation via earthworm composting with deep tillage, effectively reducing salinity/sodium while enhancing yield and organic carbon retention. For maize adaptability in arid regions, this study (2022–2023) evaluated two tillage methods—rotary tillage (R) and rotary tillage + subsoiling (R+S), combined with organic substitution treatments (P1, P2, P3) versus inorganic fertilizers (CK). Key findings: (1) R+S P1 maximized stress resilience: SOD, POD, and PRO levels surpassed CK by 41.89%, 56.95%, and 15.91%, respectively, and exceeded R P1 by 40.21%, 21.22%, and 16.94%, respectively. MDA content decreased by 38.68% (vs. CK) and 11.37% (vs. R P1). Photosynthetically, R+S P1 elevated the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 23.73% (CK) and 6.01% (R P1), while reducing transpiration rate (Tr) by 24.06% and 11.14%, respectively. (2) R+S P1 yielded 13,663.79 kg/ha, outperforming P2, P3, CK, and R P1 by 6.39%, 7.90%, 14.67%, and 2.53%, respectively. (3) At the grain-filling stage, SOD, POD, PRO, Pn, kernel number, ear length, and 100-grain weight strongly correlated with yield (p < 0.01), whereas MDA, Tr, and bald tip length exhibited negative correlations. The integration of R+S tillage with P1 organic substitution significantly enhanced stress enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield, establishing it as an optimal green cultivation strategy for spring maize in arid regions.