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<p>Concerns are growing about the negative impacts of conventional tillage (CT), extreme climate events, the narrow window for legume introduction, and reduced use of farm inputs on crop yield and profitability in rice-wheat systems in the sub-Himalayan plains. To overcome these issues, partial conservation agriculture-based tillage practices in the region are preferred. We analyzed data from 2006 to 2023 with eight scenarios combining tillage practices (zero and conventional (ZT/CT), crop residues (+ R/-R), and biofertilizers (+ B/-B) under rice-wheat cropping system of the sub-Himalayan plains of India. The objective was to assess productivity, the profitability of crops and cropping system and soil parameters after crop harvest in the rice-wheat system. 8 treatment combination scenarios were designed in factorial randomized block design, replicated thrice. The results revealed that 17 years of experimentation, an average increased the rice yield for CT compared to ZT by 2%. Similarly, R and B addition improved the rice yield by 10% and 3%, respectively. Compared to CT, wheat yield was significantly higher under ZT by 10%, and R and B additions increased wheat yield by 6% and 7%, respectively. System yield was also considerably greater under ZT than CT by 3%. R and B addition improved system yield by 8% and 5%. Two-way and three-way interactions showed that integrating R and B with tillage enhanced yields of crops and cropping system. For rice yield, ZT or CT, when combined with R and B, improved the rice yield by 19% and 8%, wheat yield by 16% and 11% and system yield by 9% and 6%. After 16 years, soil parameters (pH, soil organic carbon, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) also improved due to changing management practices from CT to ZT, and additions of R and B enhanced soil quality. Compared to CT, net return increased in ZT of wheat and rice-wheat by 31% and 13% however, no significant effect was in rice crop. Applications of R and B with tillage enhanced net return for crops and cropping system. Regardless of crops and years, the treatment ZT combined with R and B additions had the highest benefit-cost ratio, while CT practiced alone had the lowest ratio. Therefore, we recommended that R and B additions can increase crops and cropping system yields and be economically beneficial under partial conservation agriculture in sub-Himalayan plains. Adopting farming techniques, such as tillage and R and B additions, could enhance yield, profitability, and long-term soil sustainability.</p>

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Partial Conservation Agriculture for Increasing Productivity and Profitability in Rice-Wheat System of the Sub-Himalayan Plains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Rajeev Padbhushan,
  • Abhas Kumar Sinha,
  • Prateek M. Bhattacharya,
  • Parthendu Poddar,
  • Biplab Mitra,
  • Upendra Kumar

摘要

Concerns are growing about the negative impacts of conventional tillage (CT), extreme climate events, the narrow window for legume introduction, and reduced use of farm inputs on crop yield and profitability in rice-wheat systems in the sub-Himalayan plains. To overcome these issues, partial conservation agriculture-based tillage practices in the region are preferred. We analyzed data from 2006 to 2023 with eight scenarios combining tillage practices (zero and conventional (ZT/CT), crop residues (+ R/-R), and biofertilizers (+ B/-B) under rice-wheat cropping system of the sub-Himalayan plains of India. The objective was to assess productivity, the profitability of crops and cropping system and soil parameters after crop harvest in the rice-wheat system. 8 treatment combination scenarios were designed in factorial randomized block design, replicated thrice. The results revealed that 17 years of experimentation, an average increased the rice yield for CT compared to ZT by 2%. Similarly, R and B addition improved the rice yield by 10% and 3%, respectively. Compared to CT, wheat yield was significantly higher under ZT by 10%, and R and B additions increased wheat yield by 6% and 7%, respectively. System yield was also considerably greater under ZT than CT by 3%. R and B addition improved system yield by 8% and 5%. Two-way and three-way interactions showed that integrating R and B with tillage enhanced yields of crops and cropping system. For rice yield, ZT or CT, when combined with R and B, improved the rice yield by 19% and 8%, wheat yield by 16% and 11% and system yield by 9% and 6%. After 16 years, soil parameters (pH, soil organic carbon, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) also improved due to changing management practices from CT to ZT, and additions of R and B enhanced soil quality. Compared to CT, net return increased in ZT of wheat and rice-wheat by 31% and 13% however, no significant effect was in rice crop. Applications of R and B with tillage enhanced net return for crops and cropping system. Regardless of crops and years, the treatment ZT combined with R and B additions had the highest benefit-cost ratio, while CT practiced alone had the lowest ratio. Therefore, we recommended that R and B additions can increase crops and cropping system yields and be economically beneficial under partial conservation agriculture in sub-Himalayan plains. Adopting farming techniques, such as tillage and R and B additions, could enhance yield, profitability, and long-term soil sustainability.