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<p>This qualitative study explores the barriers that hinder migrants’ civic participation in Spain, focusing on institutional, linguistic, and symbolic dimensions of exclusion. Through thematic and narrative analysis of 24 interviews with migrants and professionals, the research reveals how bureaucratic contradictions, financial exclusion, racialized criminalization, and lack of professional interpretation systematically undermine migrants’ rights and agency. Findings show that exclusion is not the result of isolated dysfunctions, but a structural mechanism embedded in legal and administrative practices. Moreover, the emotional and relational dimensions of exclusion reinforce cycles of civic invisibility and alienation. This study highlights the need to move beyond formal legal reforms, advocating for a new definition of citizenship grounded in relational agency, intercultural recognition, and structural justice. By centering migrants’ narratives, the research offers a situated understanding of the everyday dynamics that reproduce inequality, pointing toward critical avenues for institutional change and inclusive democratic practices.</p>

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Invisible Barriers to Citizenship: Institutional, Linguistic, and Symbolic Exclusion of Migrants in Spain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Luana Bruno,
  • Alejandro Iborra Cuéllar

摘要

This qualitative study explores the barriers that hinder migrants’ civic participation in Spain, focusing on institutional, linguistic, and symbolic dimensions of exclusion. Through thematic and narrative analysis of 24 interviews with migrants and professionals, the research reveals how bureaucratic contradictions, financial exclusion, racialized criminalization, and lack of professional interpretation systematically undermine migrants’ rights and agency. Findings show that exclusion is not the result of isolated dysfunctions, but a structural mechanism embedded in legal and administrative practices. Moreover, the emotional and relational dimensions of exclusion reinforce cycles of civic invisibility and alienation. This study highlights the need to move beyond formal legal reforms, advocating for a new definition of citizenship grounded in relational agency, intercultural recognition, and structural justice. By centering migrants’ narratives, the research offers a situated understanding of the everyday dynamics that reproduce inequality, pointing toward critical avenues for institutional change and inclusive democratic practices.