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<p>The essence of humanity lies in coexisting through social and moral structures. However, fictional narratives, especially about children, may create a pessimistic view of human nature. It is important to re-read <i>Lord of the Flies (1954)</i> to reassess its pessimistic portrayal of human behaviour. Rutger Bregman’s book, <i>Humankind: A Hopeful History</i> (2020), offers an alternative perspective to William Golding’s <i>Lord of the Flies (1954)</i> through a comparative and interdisciplinary approach. So, the study offers an alternative view by examining Bregman’s empirical perspective. Bregman’s discussion of real-life survival narratives presents a more comparatively optimistic view of human cooperation. The article examines how <i>Humankind: A Hopeful History</i> (2020) serves as a framework for reinterpreting assumptions about human nature by referring to documented real-life survival accounts associated with “Lord of the Flies” scenarios. By placing these perspectives in dialogue, the study foregrounds the tension between fictional pessimism and empirically grounded optimism. This article highlights the contrast between fictional representations and real-life accounts of human behaviour and presents the optimistic ideas about human nature through the counter-narration method.</p>

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Does Humanity Exist or Not? Rewriting Humanity: Challenging the Dark Narrative of Lord of the Flies through Humankind: A Hopeful History

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Sangeeth Kumar A

摘要

The essence of humanity lies in coexisting through social and moral structures. However, fictional narratives, especially about children, may create a pessimistic view of human nature. It is important to re-read Lord of the Flies (1954) to reassess its pessimistic portrayal of human behaviour. Rutger Bregman’s book, Humankind: A Hopeful History (2020), offers an alternative perspective to William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1954) through a comparative and interdisciplinary approach. So, the study offers an alternative view by examining Bregman’s empirical perspective. Bregman’s discussion of real-life survival narratives presents a more comparatively optimistic view of human cooperation. The article examines how Humankind: A Hopeful History (2020) serves as a framework for reinterpreting assumptions about human nature by referring to documented real-life survival accounts associated with “Lord of the Flies” scenarios. By placing these perspectives in dialogue, the study foregrounds the tension between fictional pessimism and empirically grounded optimism. This article highlights the contrast between fictional representations and real-life accounts of human behaviour and presents the optimistic ideas about human nature through the counter-narration method.