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<p>In today’s volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world, leadership effectiveness is pivotal to organizational resilience and societal progress. This conceptual study critically examines how the dominant leadership theories including transformational, servant, authentic, agile, innovative, strategic leadership and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), explain leadership effectiveness across culturally diverse and ethically complex global contexts. Through an extensive, structured, themed literature review and a theory-building synthesis, the research reveals that the existing leadership theories reached an explanatory ceiling when addressing leadership effectiveness in culturally diverse and ethically complex ecosystems. In response to this gap, the study elevates the <b>Integrated Leadership Effectiveness Framework (ILEF)</b>, a higher-order theoretical and multidimensional architecture that reconceptualizes leadership effectiveness as an emergent, system-level result. ILEF describes leadership effectiveness through interrelations of ethical stewardship, humanity and cultural intelligence, transformational agility and innovation enablement. By reconfiguring current leadership attributes into an integrated explanatory system, the study contributes a durable leadership theory with relevance for scholarship, leadership education, and practice across public, private, and global institutional contexts.</p>

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Beyond Fragmented Leadership Models: A Conceptual Integrated Theory of Leadership Effectiveness in a VUCA World

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Millicent Lindiwe Ndaba,
  • S. Sivakumar

摘要

In today’s volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world, leadership effectiveness is pivotal to organizational resilience and societal progress. This conceptual study critically examines how the dominant leadership theories including transformational, servant, authentic, agile, innovative, strategic leadership and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), explain leadership effectiveness across culturally diverse and ethically complex global contexts. Through an extensive, structured, themed literature review and a theory-building synthesis, the research reveals that the existing leadership theories reached an explanatory ceiling when addressing leadership effectiveness in culturally diverse and ethically complex ecosystems. In response to this gap, the study elevates the Integrated Leadership Effectiveness Framework (ILEF), a higher-order theoretical and multidimensional architecture that reconceptualizes leadership effectiveness as an emergent, system-level result. ILEF describes leadership effectiveness through interrelations of ethical stewardship, humanity and cultural intelligence, transformational agility and innovation enablement. By reconfiguring current leadership attributes into an integrated explanatory system, the study contributes a durable leadership theory with relevance for scholarship, leadership education, and practice across public, private, and global institutional contexts.