Background <p>Sarcopenia, defined by a decline in muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance, is associated with poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults. However, longitudinal studies investigating this relationship using sarcopenia-specific HRQoL instruments remain scarce.</p> Objective <p>To investigate the association between changes in sarcopenia components and changes in HRQoL over four years using the SarQoL questionnaire, a tool specifically designed for individuals with sarcopenia.</p> Methods <p>This study included 333 community-dwelling older adults from the SarcoPhAge cohort, followed annually for four years. HRQoL was evaluated using the SarQoL questionnaire. Sarcopenia components were measured using a handgrip dynamometer to assess muscle strength, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to assess muscle mass and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test to assess physical performance. Associations between changes in sarcopenia components and changes in global and domain-specific SarQoL scores were assessed using linear mixed models, with random effects to account for within-subject variation.</p> Results <p>333 community-dwelling older adults were included in this study (age: 72.6&#xa0;years (68.7–77.5), 58.9% women). Over four years, despite an overall age-related decline in sarcopenia components and HRQoL, the increases in physical performance (<i>β</i> = 1.04; <i>p</i> &lt; .0001), grip strength (<i>β</i> = 0.195; <i>p</i> = .0001), and muscle mass (<i>β</i> = 2.47; <i>p</i> &lt; .0001) were independently associated with higher global SarQoL scores. Analyses of the seven SarQoL domains yielded consistent findings.</p> Conclusion <p>The results support the use of the SarQoL questionnaire as a specific and sensitive instrument for monitoring HRQoL in older adults as it appears responsive to changes in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance.</p>