<p>The primary objective of the current paper is addressing the question of recognizing “convergence” (i.e., the processes that yield similarity independent of lineage) in lithic artifacts. We discuss how similarity in lithic artifacts can be due to interpretive drivers, such as typology and function, and to contributing factors, including stone raw materials, the reduction sequence used in manufacturing, fracture mechanics, and the impacts of post-depositional processes. While both homology and homoplasy are the processes that yield similarity, the factors listed above cannot always be used to distinguish among them. Convergence in lithics is, thus, rather complex to recognize, and may not always be directly related to past behavioral adaptations. We highlight the critical role of highly controlled experiments in identifying potential convergence in lithic technology by refining our understanding of the knapping variables involved in stone tool production. These variables, likely recognized by ancient knappers, may have been independently rediscovered multiple times across vast spatiotemporal scales and diverse environmental contexts, suggesting a probability of convergent evolution in the technological processes of lithic formation evident in the archaeological record. We conclude this paper by emphasizing the need for more holistic, inductive methods to disentangle the complex interplay of several drivers and factors that shape lithic equifinality in the archaeological record, particularly when the goal is to recognize convergent behaviors in the developmental processes of lithic formation.</p>