<p>Hormonal fluctuations affect women’s health throughout all stages of life—and this also applies to the oral cavity. Estrogen and progesterone influence vascular, immunological, and microbial processes in the periodontium and modulate inflammatory responses. Fluctuations in sex hormones can disrupt oral homeostasis and contribute to the development or worsening of gingivitis and periodontitis. Characteristic changes of clinical relevance occur particularly during puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Oral diseases not only cause local discomfort but can also have systemic consequences. It is now well established that chronic inflammation of the periodontium is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes via cytokine-mediated mechanisms. During menopause, estrogen deficiency causes an increased prevalence of xerostomia, taste changes, mucosal atrophy, and oral lichen planus. Alveolar bone loss can be accelerated by concomitant osteoporosis. Consistent home and professional oral hygiene, as well as regular periodontal check-ups, contribute significantly to minimizing the negative consequences of hormone-related oral changes. This knowledge is essential for gynecologists to initiate check-ups and timely treatment in collaboration with dentists. This review article highlights the biological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies to empower gynecologists in their role as the first point of contact for the holistic health of girls and women.</p>